What the workingman wants, first of all, is work; he wants to be sure
of a job. This means, for him, his foothold upon this earth. He wants
to know where the next meal is coming from, and the more thoughtful
individual determines that sickness and old age must not find the
cupboard empty if he can prevent it. How like his employer, who
likewise is struggling to rise above the vicissitudes of existence!
The workingman wants a job that gives him standing among his fellows.
High pay can give him such standing; or an occupation that requires
skill, or judgment, or daring; or even connection with a renowned or
admired enterprise. Thus again, employer and employe meet in a common
desire for social recognition.
The worker is bent upon amusements and recreations. They occupy his
mind even at his labor, especially where high subdivision of labor
permits the hands to be employed almost mechanically. Moreover, with
the increasing mechanization of industrial processes, which implies
ever decreasing spontaneity and self-expression, and ever-deepening
dulness in the routine, thought turns with ever greater insistence to
amusements that promise contrasting experiences of freedom, variety,
strong stimulation or excitement, and social contacts. Not so unlike
the experience of the employer, for he too, as his business becomes
mechanized, builds up for himself a second world in which real living
is contrasted with work.
Family interests affect the worker about as they affect other persons,
but with this important difference in the application: Whereas the
capitalist seeks to make the future secure for his children by endowing
them with property, the workingman endeavors, largely through the
education of his children, to get them out of his economic status into
a higher one, such as that of a “white-collar job” for the son and
clerical work or school-teaching for the daughter.
Widespread, too, is “land-hunger,” particularly among agricultural
workers, though not exclusively among them by any means. To have “a
place that one can call one’s own”; to put thought and muscle upon a
garden or a house, feeling that the results will not at once slip away
out of one’s hands and sight; to express one’s very own taste without
let or hindrance; to have one’s personality identified in the community
with something stable, like real estate--here is one focus of the
ambition of many and many a worker.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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