The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468Matthews, Washington
Religion
The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468
Matthews, Washington
Mountainway (Navajo rite); Navajo Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
140. The _Sixth dance_, that of the standing arcs, was both picturesque
and ingenious. The principal performers were eight in number, as usual
with scanty clothing. Their hair fell loose and long over back and
shoulders and each bore in front of him, held by both hands, a wooden
arc, ornamented with eagle plumes. The ends of the arc (which was a full
semicircle) showed tufts of piñon twigs, and they were evidently joined
together by a slender string, which was invisible to the audience.
Besides the eight principal actors, there was a rattler, a bearer of the
groaning stick, and a chorus. While all were making the fourth circuit
of the fire, frequent shouts of “Çòhe! Çòhe!” (Englished,
Thòhay--“Stand! stand!” or “Stay! stay!”) were heard, the significance
of which soon became apparent. When they stopped in the west, the eight
character dancers first went through various quadrille-like figures,
such as were witnessed in the third dance, and then knelt in two rows
that faced one another. At a word from the rattler the man who was
nearest to him (whom I will call No. 1) arose, advanced to the man who
knelt opposite to him (No. 2) with rapid, shuffling steps, and amid a
chorus of “Thòhay! Thòhay!” placed his arc with caution upon the head of
the latter. Although it was held in position by the friction of the
piñon tufts at each ear and by the pressure of the ends of the arc, now
drawn closer by the subtending string, it had the appearance of standing
on the head without material support, and it is probable that many of
the uninitiated believed that only the magic influence of the
oft-repeated word “Thòhay” kept it in position. When the arc was secured
in its place, No. 1 retreated with shuffling steps to his former
position and fell on his knees again. Immediately No. 2 advanced and
placed the arc which he held in his hand on the head of No. 1. Thus each
in turn placed his arc on the head of the one who knelt opposite to him
until all wore their beautiful halo-like headdresses. Then, holding
their heads rigidly erect, lest their arcs should fall, the eight
kneeling figures began a splendid, well timed chant, which was
accentuated by the clapping of hands and joined in by the chorus. When
the chant was done the rattler addressed the arc bearers, warning them
to be careful; so they cautiously arose from their knees and shuffled
with stiffened spines out of the corral, preceded by the choristers.
This dance was repeated after the second performance of the fifth dance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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