The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants — John Shaqi
The Movements and Habits of Climbing PlantsDarwin, Charles
Science
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
Darwin, Charles
Climbing plants; Geotropism; Plants; Plants -- Irritability and movements
When a tall stick was placed so as to arrest the lower and rigid
internodes of the _Ceropegia_, at the distance at first of 15 and then of
21 inches from the centre of revolution, the straight shoot slowly and
gradually slid up the stick, so as to become more and more highly
inclined, but did not pass over the summit. Then, after an interval
sufficient to have allowed of a semi-revolution, the shoot suddenly
bounded from the stick and fell over to the opposite side or point of the
compass, and reassumed its previous slight inclination. It now
recommenced revolving in its usual course, so that after a
semi-revolution it again came into contact with the stick, again slid up
it, and again bounded from it and fell over to the opposite side. This
movement of the shoot had a very odd appearance, as if it were disgusted
with its failure but was resolved to try again. We shall, I think,
understand this movement by considering the former illustration of the
sapling, in which the growing surface was supposed to creep round from
the northern by the western to the southern face; and thence back again
by the eastern to the northern face, successively bowing the sapling in
all directions. Now with the _Ceropegia_, the stick being placed to the
south of the shoot and in contact with it, as soon as the circulatory
growth reached the western surface, no effect would be produced, except
that the shoot would be pressed firmly against the stick. But as soon as
growth on the southern surface began, the shoot would be slowly dragged
with a sliding movement up the stick; and then, as soon as the eastern
growth commenced, the shoot would be drawn from the stick, and its weight
coinciding with the effects of the changed surface of growth, would cause
it suddenly to fall to the opposite side, reassuming its previous slight
inclination; and the ordinary revolving movement would then go on as
before. I have described this curious case with some care, because it
first led me to understand the order in which, as I then thought, the
surfaces contracted; but in which, as we now know from Sachs and II. de
Vries, they grow for a time rapidly, thus causing the shoot to bow
towards the opposite side.
The view just given further explains, as I believe, a fact observed by
Mohl (p. 135), namely, that a revolving shoot, though it will twine round
an object as thin as a thread, cannot do so round a thick support. I
placed some long revolving shoots of a _Wistaria_ close to a post between
5 and 6 inches in diameter, but, though aided by me in many ways, they
could not wind round it. This apparently was due to the flexure of the
shoot, whilst winding round an object so gently curved as this post, not
being sufficient to hold the shoot to its place when the growing surface
crept round to the opposite surface of the shoot; so that it was
withdrawn at each revolution from its support.
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