The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants — John Shaqi
The Movements and Habits of Climbing PlantsDarwin, Charles
Science
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
Darwin, Charles
Climbing plants; Geotropism; Plants; Plants -- Irritability and movements
In the foregoing Table, which includes twining plants belonging to widely
different orders, we see that the rate at which growth travels or
circulates round the axis (on which the revolving movement depends),
differs much. As long as a plant remains under the same conditions, the
rate is often remarkably uniform, as with the Hop, _Mikania_,
_Phaseolus_, &c. The Scyphanthus made one revolution in 1 hr. 17 m., and
this is the quickest rate observed by me; but we shall hereafter see a
tendril-bearing Passiflora revolving more rapidly. A shoot of the
_Akebia quinata_ made a revolution in 1 hr. 30 m., and three revolutions
at the average rate of 1 hr. 38 m.; a Convolvulus made two revolutions at
the average of 1 hr. 42 m., and _Phaseolus vulgaris_ three at the average
of 1 hr. 57 m. On the other hand, some plants take 24 hrs. for a single
revolution, and the _Adhadota_ sometimes required 48 hrs.; yet this
latter plant is an efficient twiner. Species of the same genus move at
different rates. The rate does not seem governed by the thickness of the
shoots: those of the _Sollya_ are as thin and flexible as string, but
move more slowly than the thick and fleshy shoots of the _Ruscus_, which
seem little fitted for movement of any kind. The shoots of the
_Wistaria_, which become woody, move faster than those of the herbaceous
_Ipomoea_ or _Thunbergia_.
We know that the internodes, whilst still very young, do not acquire
their proper rate of movement; hence the several shoots on the same plant
may sometimes be seen revolving at different rates. The two or three, or
even more, internodes which are first formed above the cotyledons, or
above the root-stock of a perennial plant, do not move; they can support
themselves, and nothing superfluous is granted.
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