The Movements and Habits of Climbing PlantsDarwin, Charles
Science
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
Darwin, Charles
Climbing plants; Geotropism; Plants; Plants -- Irritability and movements
_Lophospermum scandens_, var. _purpureum_.—Some long, moderately thin
internodes made four revolutions at an average rate of 3 hrs. 15 m. The
course pursued was very irregular, namely, an extremely narrow ellipse, a
large circle, an irregular spire or a zigzag line, and sometimes the apex
stood still. The young petioles, when brought by the revolving movement
into contact with sticks, clasped them, and soon increased considerably
in thickness. But they are not quite so sensitive to a weight as those
of the _Rhodochiton_, for loops of thread weighing one-eighth of a grain
did not always cause them to bend.
This plant presents a case not observed by me in any other leaf-climber
or twiner, {71} namely, that the young internodes of the stem are
sensitive to a touch. When a petiole of this species clasps a stick, it
draws the base of the internode against it; and then the internode itself
bends towards the stick, which is caught between the stem and the petiole
as by a pair of pincers. The internode afterwards straightens itself,
excepting the part in actual contact with the stick. Young internodes
alone are sensitive, and these are sensitive on all sides along their
whole length. I made fifteen trials by twice or thrice lightly rubbing
with a thin twig several internodes; and in about 2 hrs., but in one case
in 3 hrs., all were bent: they became straight again in about 4 hrs.
afterwards. An internode, which was rubbed as often as six or seven
times, became just perceptibly curved in 1 hr. 15 m., and in 3 hrs. the
curvature increased much; it became straight again in the course of the
succeeding night. I rubbed some internodes one day on one side, and the
next day either on the opposite side or at right angles to the first
side; and the curvature was always towards the rubbed side.
According to Palm (p. 63), the petioles of _Linaria cirrhosa_ and, to a
limited degree, those of _L. elatine_ have the power of clasping a
support.
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