The Movements and Habits of Climbing PlantsDarwin, Charles
Science
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
Darwin, Charles
Climbing plants; Geotropism; Plants; Plants -- Irritability and movements
A young upper internode revolved, judging from three revolutions, at an
average rate of 1 hr. 38 m.; it swept ellipses with the longer axes
directed at right angles to one another; but the plant, apparently,
cannot twine. The petioles and the tendrils are both in constant
movement. But their movement is slower and much less regularly
elliptical than that of the internodes. They appear to be much affected
by the light, for the whole leaf usually sinks down during the night and
rises during the day, moving, also, during the day in a crooked course to
the west. The tip of the tendril is highly sensitive on the lower
surface; and one which was just touched with a twig became perceptibly
curved in 3 m., and another in 5 m.; the upper surface is not at all
sensitive; the sides are moderately sensitive, so that two branches which
were rubbed on their inner sides converged and crossed each other. The
petiole of the leaf and the lower parts of the tendril, halfway between
the upper leaflet and the lowest branch, are not sensitive. A tendril
after curling from a touch became straight again in about 6 hrs., and was
ready to re-act; but one that had been so roughly rubbed as to have
coiled into a helix did not become perfectly straight until after 13 hrs.
The tendrils retain their sensibility to an unusually late age; for one
borne by a leaf with five or six fully developed leaves above, was still
active. If a tendril catches nothing, after a considerable interval of
time the tips of the branches curl a little inwards; but if it clasps
some object, the whole contracts spirally.
[Picture: Fig. 7. Smilax aspera]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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