Necessity and law for their establishment -- Defects of private slaughter-houses -- Legal powers to close private slaughter-houses -- Particulars of London private slaughter-houses -- Site of public abattoir -- The Manchester abattoir -- Accommodation necessary -- Lairs and pens -- The killing-house -- Floor, drainage, rings, pole- axe, lighting, &c. -- Machinery for hoisting -- Plans of public abattoir -- Condemned meat department -- Pig-killing department -- Blood-house -- Tripery -- Tallow market -- Other accommodation -- Dr. Chancellor on slaughter-houses -- Difference between public and private slaughter-houses 328 CHAPTER XXIX. MARKETS. Law authorizing their establishment -- Site for a cattle market -- Accommodation necessary -- Paving -- Cattle enclosures -- Sheep pens -- Dimensions of pens and lairs -- Weighing machine -- Markets for general merchandise -- List of requirements -- A few hints on their accommodation 344 CHAPTER XXX. CEMETERIES. The surveyor’s duties in connection with these -- Some legal points to be remembered -- Selection of site on sanitary grounds -- Mr. Eassie on soils -- Dr. Parsons on requirements of cemeteries -- Unsuitability of clay soil -- Amount of land necessary -- Points to be considered in laying out a cemetery -- Division of cemetery -- Description of sections -- Cemetery rules and regulations -- Suitable trees for cemeteries -- Regulations by Secretary of State, 1863 -- Cremation -- Its great advantages over burial -- Area of some existing cemeteries -- Necessity for reliable information as to causes of death 350 CHAPTER XXXI. MORTUARIES. Evils arising from keeping corpses -- Some clauses of the Public Health Act on the subject -- List of different descriptions of mortuaries -- A German Leichenhaus -- Requirements of a mortuary -- The chapel -- The dead-house -- The post-mortem room -- The coroner’s court -- Other accommodation necessary -- Plan of a model mortuary -- Disinfection -- Apparatus necessary -- Dr. Ransom’s machine -- Fetching infected clothing 365 CHAPTER XXXII. BORROWING UNDER THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. Clauses of the Public Health Act -- Stimulus to public works -- List of time for which money can be borrowed -- Mr. Rawlinson on procedure and plans, &c., necessary -- Responsibility of Local Government Board -- Captain Galton on Government responsibility 375 CHAPTER XXXIII. CONTRACTS. Clauses of Public Health Act -- Public contracts different from private ones -- Specifications necessary -- Conclusion -- A list of useful books 381 MUNICIPAL AND SANITARY ENGINEERS’ HANDBOOK. CHAPTER I. THE TOWN SURVEYOR.