_Joints._--The joints are then to be carefully run with a grouting composed of one part of best approved Portland cement to two parts of fine, sharp, clean river sand. (In some cases a hot bituminous mixture or asphalte is run between the joints as a grouting.) _Top Dressing._--The whole surface of the pavement is then to be spread with a coating, at least ¹⁄₂-inch in thickness, of fine sharp gravel or chippings. The following heads of general conditions under such a contract may also be useful. Alteration of gullies, sewer man-holes etc., will be done at the expense of the sanitary authority. Contractor must make good at once any damage caused to gas or water mains or services--time penalty for delay. Maintenance of work after completion for a specified time. Power must be reserved to surveyor to suspend work during bad weather or from other causes. Heavy time penalties for non-completion of contract by a certain date. Payments to be made to contractor on surveyor’s certificate, up to 80 per cent. of whole contract, remaining 20 per cent. to be paid at end of (say) 2 years after completion. With the above specimen specification I conclude the chapter on Wood Paving. [67] The first wood pavement laid in London was in front of the Old Bailey, in 1839. [68] _Vide_ ‘Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,’ vol. i. p. 131. [69] This specification is the company’s own, as advertised when they first began business; for many reasons the boards have since been discontinued, and other alterations introduced into the system. [70] I am unable to ascertain if this plan has ever been tried anywhere. [71] It is also affirmed by the Borough Surveyor of Sunderland that this process dispenses with watering. _Vide_ ‘Proceedings of the Association of Municipal and Sanitary Engineers and Surveyors,’ vol. iii. p. 72. [72] _Vide_ ‘A Practical Treatise on Roads, Streets, and Pavements,’ by Q. A. Gillmore, p. 166, which see also for a good account of wood pavements in the United States. [73] _Vide_ ‘Wood Pavements,’ by Henry Allnutt, 1880, p. 22. [74] The power of absorbing water by wood varies from 9·37 to 174·86 per cent. in dry wood. In its ordinary state the power varies from 4·36 to 150·64 per cent. The quantity of water contained in wood in its natural state varies from 4·61 to 13·56 per cent. _Vide_ ‘Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,’ vol. lvi. p. 300. [75] _Vide_ ‘Roads and Roadways,’ by George Waller Wilcocks, 1879, p. 34. [76] _Vide_ ‘Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,’ vol. lviii. p. 82. [77] _Ibid_, vol. lx. p. 293. [78] _Ibid_, vol. lviii. p. 45. [79] ‘Report upon Asphalte and Wood Pavements,’ by William Haywood, (1874) p. 44.