[80] See ‘Paper on Wood Pavements,’ by R. S. Rounthwaite, Boro’ Surveyor, Sunderland, ‘Proceedings of the Association of Municipal and Sanitary Engineers and Surveyors,’ vol. vii. p. 48. [81] The surveyor of the parish of St. George’s Hanover Square, London, says, “My experience of wood, and I have laid down 25,000 yards, is that it is perfectly free from smells, even on a cab rank.” Report of a Committee of the Paddington Vestry on Wood and other Pavements (1878) p. 30. [82] Mr. Allnutt says on this: “As to the swelling of the wood, it has been remarked that even brick walls have been forced out. We do not see what provision can be made for this; but leaving the channel by the kerb stone for the last work may relieve the lateral pressure, and perhaps it would be as well for the blocks not to be so dry when being laid down.” _Vide_ ‘Wood Pavement as carried out on Kensington High Road, Chelsea, etc.’ by Henry Allnutt (1880) p. 15. [83] _Vide_ ‘Report on Asphalte and Wood Pavements,’ by William Haywood, 1874, pp. 38 and 41. [84] The Ligno-Mineral Paving Company and the Improved Wood Paving Company offered to maintain their pavements, if laid, for terms of ten years and fourteen years respectively; their tenders were not accepted. [85] _Vide_ ‘Paper on Street Carriageway Pavements,’ by G. F. Deacon, ‘Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,’ vol. lviii. p. 23. [86] If the road material thus excavated is macadam, it may be screened and used as concrete in the foundation, if approved by the surveyor. The granite pitching of crossings, channel gutters, etc., must remain the property of the sanitary authority, as well as the surplus macadam. [87] It is important to give sufficient notice to gas and water companies in order that they may attend to their mains and services before the foundations are put in. [88] Sometimes about half an inch of fine sand is spread upon the surface of the concrete upon which the wood blocks are bedded. [89] If the blocks are to be creosoted, the number of pounds of creosote that should be absorbed in a cubic foot of the wood should be specified; this is generally about 10 lb. of creosote to 1 cubic foot of wood. CHAPTER X. COMPRESSED ASPHALTE ROADWAYS. The word asphalte in its generally accepted sense implies a natural rock consisting of pure carbonate of lime, intimately combined and impregnated with mineral bitumen in very variable proportions; that used for roads or footpaths should not contain less than 7 or more than 12 per cent. of bitumen. The rock when broken takes an irregular fracture without definite cleavage; it is principally derived from Val de Travers, Seyssel, Sicily, Chieti, Auvergne, Lobsann, and Limmer. Its grain should be regular and homogeneous, the finer the grain the better.[90]