In John Towers's extraordinary compilation, "Dictionary-Catalogue of Operas," it is stated that Manuel Fernández Caballero (born in 1835) wrote sixty-two operas, and the names of them are given. He was a pupil of Fuertes (harmony) and Eslava (composition) at the Madrid Conservatory and later became very popular as a writer of zarzuelas. I have already mentioned his _Gigantes y Cabezudos_ for which Miguel Echegaray furnished the book. Among his other works in this form are _Los Dineros del Sacristán_, _Los Africanistas_ (Barcelona, 1894), _El Cabo Primero_ (Barcelona, 1895), and _La Rueda de la Fortuna_ (Madrid, 1896). At a concert given in the New York Hippodrome, April 3, 1911, Mme. Tetrazzini sang a Spanish song, which was referred to the next day by the reviewers of the "New York Times" and the "New York Globe." To say truth the soprano made a great effect with the song, although it was written for a low voice. It was _Carceleras_, from Ruperto Chapí's zarzuela _Las Hijas de Zebedeo_. Chapí was one of the most prolific and popular composers of Spain during the last century. He produced countless zarzuelas and nine children. He was born at Villena March 27, 1851, and he died March 25, 1909, a few months earlier than his compatriot Isaac Albéniz. He was admitted to the conservatory of Madrid in 1867 as a pupil of piano and harmony. In 1869 he obtained the first prize for harmony and he continued to obtain prizes until in 1874 he was sent to Rome by the Academy of Fine Arts. He remained for some time in Italy and Paris. In 1875 the Teatro Real of Madrid played his _La Hija de Jefté_ sent from Rome. The following is an incomplete list of his operas and zarzuelas: _Vía Libre_, _Los Gendarmes_, _El Rey que Rabió_ (3 acts), _El Cura del Regimiento_, _El Reclamo_, _La Tempestad_, _La Bruja_, _La Leyenda del Monje_, _Las Campanadas_, _La Czarina_, _El Milagro de la Virgen_, _Roger de Flor_ (3 acts), _Las Naves de Cortés, irce_ (3 acts), _Aqui Hase Farta un Hombre_, _Juan Francisco_ (3 acts, 1905; rewritten and presented in 1908 as _Entre Rocas_), _Los Madrileños_ (1908), _La Dama Roja_ (1 act, 1908), _Hesperia_ (1908), _Las Calderas de Pedro Botero_ (1909) and _Margarita la Tornera_, presented just before his death without success. His other works include an oratorio, _Los Ángeles_, a symphonic poem, _Escenas de Capa y Espada_, a symphony in D, _Moorish Fantasy_ for orchestra, a serenade for orchestra, a trio for piano, violin and 'cello, songs, etc. Chapí was president of the Society of Authors and Composers, and when he died the King and Queen of Spain sent a telegram of condolence to his widow. There is a copy of his zarzuela, _Blasones y Talegas_ in the New York Public Library.