The music of the spheres : $b A nature lover's astronomyGrondal, Florence Armstrong
Science
The music of the spheres : $b A nature lover's astronomy
Grondal, Florence Armstrong
Astronomy
Although every twenty-four hours this Sky Dipper swings completely
around the North Star, half of the journey is invisible because the
strong light of the sun prevents us from seeing the stars in the
daytime.
"The fiery sun, when wheeling up heaven's height,
Obscures the stars and the moon's holy light."
--_Leonidas_.
The stars, however, rise two hours earlier every month and this brings
the Dipper, when observed during the early hours of darkness, to
different positions in the sky during the different seasons.
Since this conspicuous star figure travels completely around the arctic
circle of the heavens in twenty-four hours, the space within this circle
has been likened to a great star clock, the two outer stars on the
bowl--called "The Pointers"--forming the hour hand which always points
toward the center of the clock marked by the North Star. With a little
attention anyone may learn to judge the time by this timepiece and wager
as much on it as the Carrier in Shakespeare's King Henry IV who looks up
as he enters the Inn Yard with his lantern and remarks:
"Heigh-ho! An't be not four by the day, I'll be hanged, Charles' Wain is
over the new chimney, and yet our horse is not packed."
The Big Dipper is called "Charles' Wain" in England, the bowl being the
wagon or wain, and the stars on the handle, the horses. It is also
called "David's chariot" and the "Plowshare." In Rome these seven bright
stars were called "Septentriones" or "The Seven Plowing Oxen"; in
Greece, simply the "Triones."
"'Twas the time when all things are silent, and Boötes had turned his
wain with the pole obliquely directed among the Triones."
--_Ovid's Metamorphoses_.
Boötes, so the story runs, being of an ingenious turn of mind, tilled
his land in fine order by inventing the plow which he hitched to two
oxen.
[Figure 11]
For this he was given the title of the "Herdsman" or the "Ox-driver" and
placed in the heavens to follow the stars of the Big Dipper which
resembles a "wain" or a plow. Boötes' constellation, though very large,
is formed of faint stars,--with the exception of one brilliant
golden-yellow star which may be located by drawing a curve from the end
of the Big Dipper's handle.
The little star just above the star in the crook of the handle of the
Dipper is sometimes spoken of as a 'rider.' The Arabs call these two
stars a "Horse and its Rider," the English call the rider
"Jack-on-the-Middle-Horse," while the Germans call him
"Hans-on-the-Middle Horse." Hans chose this position in preference to
any other on the face of the earth or in the kingdom of Heaven.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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