8. The Victims of Vesuvius 196 Introduction--Pompeii’s town plan--Public life--Private life in town and country houses--Trade and tradesmen--Religion--Art 9. Flavian Rome 224 The Forum of Peace--The Coliseum--The Arch of Titus--The Cancelleria reliefs--The _Forum Transitorium_--Domitian’s palace and stadium 10. Trajan: Port, Forum, Market, Column 251 Ostia: its town plan--Municipal life and amenities--_Insulae_-- The harbor--Trade--Religion; Rome: Trajan’s Forum, Market, and Column 11. An Emperor-Architect: Hadrian 273 The Villa near Tivoli--The “Teatro Marittimo”--The Temple of Venus and Rome--The Pantheon--The Piazza d’Oro--Hadrian’s Mausoleum--The Canopus--The end of an era 12. Roman Engineering 298 Roads--The Baths of Caracalla and Pennsylvania Station-- Aqueducts--Aurelian’s Wall 13. Caesar and Christ 327 The Imperial Villa at Piazza Armerina: its plan and mosaics--The Vatican cemetery and the shrine of St. Peter Bibliography 352 Index of Proper Names 361 ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. PAGE 1.1 4 Prehistoric sites in Italy (map) 1.2 5 Passo di Corvo, a prehistoric site in Puglia: air photograph 1.3 5 Dimini, a late Neolithic site in Thessaly, plan 1.4 5 Altheim, a late Neolithic site near Munich, plan 1.5 9 Comparative table of early cultures 1.6 9 _Terramara_ at Castellazzo di Fontanellato, Pigorini’s plan 1.7 12 Su Nuraxi, a Sardinian _nuraghe_ 1.8 12 Cremating and inhumating peoples of prehistoric Italy: map 1.9 21 Villanovan artifacts 1.10 21 A hut-urn 1.11 23 The Certosa _situla_ 1.12 23 Picene tomb-furniture from Fabriano 1.13 23 The Warrior of Capestrano 2.1 28 Lemnos, inscription in local dialect, similar to Etruscan 2.2 28 Vetulonia, Aules Feluskes stele 2.3 30 Early Italy, to illustrate Etruscan and other sites. Inset: early Rome (map) 2.4 31 Marzabotto, grid plan 2.5 34 Spina, plan 2.6 37 Spina, grid plan, air photograph 2.7 37 Vetulonia, fasces from the Tomb of the Lictor 2.8 39 Etruscan alphabet 2.9 39 Tarquinia, Tomb of Orcus, inscription 2.10 44 Piacenza, bronze model of sheep’s liver 2.11 45 Piacenza liver, schematic representation 2.12 46 Potentiometer profile, revealing tomb-chambers underground 2.13 49 Tarquinia, Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, fresco 2.14 49 Tarquinia, Tomb of Orcus, portrait of the lady Velcha 2.15 50 Tarquinia, Tomb of Orcus, the demon Charun