The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in ItalyMacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
History
The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy
MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
Italy -- Antiquities
Another example comes from a long inscription on a scroll held in the
hands of a sculptured figure on another sarcophagus in the Tarquinia
museum. It contains the word _lucairce_. In the text of the Zagreb
mummy-wrapping mention is made of ceremonies celebrated _lauchumneti_,
presumably a noun with an ending showing a place relation, and
obviously related in root to _lucairce_. And both seem connected with
the word _lucumo_, used in Latin to refer to Etruscan chiefs or kings.
_Lucairce_ contains the ending _-ce_ which we interpreted on the Tomb
of Orcus inscription as verbal; it might mean “was king (or chief).”
In that case _lauchumneti_, with its locative ending, might mean “in
the (priest)-king’s house” (Latin _Regia_). Thus by reasoning from the
known to the unknown we can find evidence from the Etruscans themselves
that at some stage they were ruled by kings. Since the Tarquinia
sarcophagus with the scroll is on the evidence of artistic techniques
dated late (second century B.C., a date at which the Roman Republic
fully controlled Etruria), we must suppose that by that date the
_lucumo_ had been reduced to a mere priestly function, much as in Rome
itself the priest who in Republican times discharged the sacred duties
once performed by Rome’s kings (_reges_) was still called the _rex
sacrorum_.
A final example. On Etruscan inscriptions occurs a root _purth-_, with
by-forms _purthne_, _purtsvana_, _eprthne_, _eprthni_, _eprthnevc_.
This looks like the root which occurs in the name of the king of
Clusium, transliterated by the Romans Lars Porsenna, he who in the
_Lays of Ancient Rome_ swore by the Nine Gods. The same root probably
occurs in the Greek _prytanis_, which means something like “senator.”
Clearly another official of importance is referred to here.
In sum, archaeologists looking for evidence of Etruscan political
organization have found such outward signs of pomp as fasces, plus
evidence for magistrates resembling the later Roman dictator, praetor,
priest-king, senator, and for cities probably combined into a league.
* * * * *
If inscriptions can be made to yield this kind of evidence, what can
we say about the state of our knowledge about the Etruscan language
in general? The same kind of combinatory method applied to other
inscriptions yields with patience results justifying the statement
that progress, though agonizingly slow, is being made. Many short
inscriptions can be read entire: they are usually funerary, and give
the names, filiation, and age of the deceased. Here is an example, from
yet another sarcophagus in the Tarquinia museum:
_partunus vel velthurus_ _satlnal-c_ _ramthas clan_
“Partuni Vel of Velthur and of Satlnei Ramtha the son,
_avils_ _XXIIX lupu_
of years 28, dead.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account