The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in ItalyMacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
History
The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy
MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
Italy -- Antiquities
M. Lucullus’ name was carved on a fallen epistyle, a marble block
intended to connect two columns. Where did the block belong? Gullini,
the excavator, connected it with a building which ran between the two
apsidal halls in the lower area. What survives is a back wall, built in
the technique called _opus incertum_, a strong lime and rubble wall,
studded externally with fist-sized stones of irregular shape. This
technique was standard in the age of Sulla. The wall was decorated
at regular intervals with two stories of half-columns, ingeniously
combining function with decoration: they mask drainage conduits. The
pavement in front of the wall shows the marks of two column-bases
in two different rows, enough to justify restoring on paper a whole
forest of twenty-four columns. Two dimensions are known: the diameter
of the bases and the height of the half-columns on the wall behind.
Their proportionate relation is appropriate to Corinthian columns,
and some Corinthian capitals of a size to fit were found in the area.
Working from these finds, the architect Fasolo could restore on paper
a two-story basilica (Fig. 5.2, bottom) between the two apsidal
halls (only one hall is shown in the reconstruction). The basilica
is on a higher level than the newly-isolated temple to the south of
it. The difference in level is made most clearly visible by sets of
superimposed columns on the southwest side of the basilica (where the
lower columns are below the basilica pavement level), by the pavement
below the _piazza_ of the modern town, and in the façade of the
right-hand (eastern) apsidal hall, which is in _opus incertum_, while
its lower level, the colony’s _aerarium_ or treasury, heavily built of
tufa blocks, had the difference in construction hidden by a portico
with Doric columns.
[Illustration: FIG. 5.2
Palestrina, Sanctuary of Fortune, reconstruction.
(H. Kähler, _Gnomon_ 30 [1958], p. 372)]
[Illustration: FIG. 5.3 Palestrina, Sanctuary of Fortune, inclined
column capitals.
(G. Gullini, _Guida_, Figs. 13 and 15)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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