with Romulus and contained the names of the greatest heroes of Roman history; in the consular lists his name figured twenty-four times. This collocation and repetition could do him no harm. [D] _The Roman Mind at Work_ (Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1958). In the consular lists the names of Mark Antony and his family have suffered _damnatio memoriae_; that is, they have been first inscribed and then chiselled out. In the list of _triumphatores_, on the contrary, Antony’s name is allowed to stand. What is the legitimate inference from this? Clearly it is that the two lists were inscribed at different times, and that on the first occasion our _condottiere_ felt a certain insecurity, which by the time of the second had disappeared. Literary sources date the second occasion in or shortly after 19 B.C., after the Roman standards disgracefully lost by Crassus at Carrhae had been recovered from the Parthians. In these eleven years or so the _condottiere_ Octavian had become Augustus, the Revered One, Expander of Empire, Father of his Country, Prince of Peace. Within those years Vergil’s _Georgics_ had cast an aura of beauty over Octavian’s resettlement of veterans on the land; the _Aeneid_ had connected this modern Aeneas, the pious one, the bearer of burdens, with his legendary ancestors; Horace’s Roman Odes had praised Augustus’ religious and moral reforms; and Livy’s history had put into Augustan prose the lays of ancient Rome. Augustus could afford to be magnanimous to his enemies: he had seen to it that most of them were dead. [Illustration: ARCO DI AUGUSTO NEL FORO ROMANO FIG. 6.2 Rome, Forum. Arch of Augustus, reconstruction. (Fototeca)]