Then came the division of the apothecaries from the druggists, the former in the process of time becoming a subordinate class of practitioners who attended an individual afflicted with some internal disease not requiring external or manual aid, and who prescribed for the cure of such complaint and supplied the medicine; while the latter were supposed to confine themselves to the dealing in and preparation of drugs for the apothecary. The apothecary was paid for the medicine which he supplied, which was not by any means in small quantities, and so was supposed not to encroach ostensibly upon the province of the physician, who received his remuneration for advice only, and did not provide medicine. In 1812 a tax was put upon glass which increased the price of bottles greatly, much to the chagrin of the apothecaries, who were paid according to the number of draughts and potions which they could induce their patients to swallow. It was customary to place each dose of medicine in a separate bottle, and charge it at the rate of one or two shillings a dose, so the apothecary naturally felt aggrieved at the glass tax, which, however, was soon afterwards repealed. The following excellent rules and regulations were laid down by William Bulleyn for the guidance of apothecaries of his time:— THE APOTICARYE. 1. Must first serve God, foresee the end, be cleanly, pity the poor. 2. Must not be suborned for money to hurt mankind. 3. His place of dwelling and shop to be cleanly, to please the senses withal. 4. His garden must be at hand, with plenty of herbs, seeds, and roots. 5. To sow, set, plant, gather, preserve, and keep them in due time. 6. To read Dioscorides; to know the nature of plants and herbs. 7. To invent medicines; to choose by colour, taste, odour, figure, etc. 8. To have his mortars, stills, pots, filters, glasses, and boxes clean and sweet. 9. To have charcoals at hand to make decoctions, syrups, etc. 10. To keep his clean ware close, and cast away the baggage. 11. To have two places in his shop—one most clean for the physic, and a baser place for the chirurgic stuff. 12. That he neither increase nor diminish the physician’s bill (_i.e._, prescription), and keep it for his own discharge. 13. That he neither buy nor sell rotten drugs. 14. That he peruse often his wares that they corrupt not. 15. That he put not in _quid pro quo_ without advisement. 16. That he may open well a vein for to help pleurisy. 17. That he meddle only in his vocation. 18. That he delight to read Nicolaus, Myrepsus, Valerius, Cordus, Johannes Placaton, the Lubri, etc. 19. That he do remember his office is only to be the physician’s cook. 20. That he use true measure and weight. 21. To remember his end and the judgment of God; and thus do I commend him to God, if he be not covetous or crafty, seeking his own lucre before other men’s help, succour and comfort.