The Mythology of the British Islands: An Introduction to Celtic Myth, Legend, Poetry, and RomanceSquire, Charles
General
The Mythology of the British Islands: An Introduction to Celtic Myth, Legend, Poetry, and Romance
Squire, Charles
Celts -- Folklore; Mythology, Celtic
Of those two cycles, it is with the latter that the Arthurian legend
shows most affinity.[363] Arthur’s position as supreme war-leader of
Britain curiously parallels that of Finn’s as general of a “native Irish
militia”. His “Round Table” of warriors also reminds one of Finn’s
Fenians sworn to adventure. Both alike battle with human and superhuman
foes. Both alike harry Europe, even to the walls of Rome. The love-story
of Arthur, his wife Gwynhwyvar (Guinevere), and his nephew Medrawt
(Mordred), resembles in several ways that of Finn, his wife Grainne, and
his nephew Diarmait. In the stories of the last battles of Arthur and of
the Fenians, the essence of the kindred myth still subsists, though the
actual exponents of it slightly differ. At the fight of Camlan, it was
Arthur and Medrawt themselves who fought the final duel. But in the last
stand of the Fenians at Gabhra, the original protagonists have given
place to their descendants and representatives. Both Finn and Cormac
were already dead. It is Oscar, Finn’s grandson, and Cairbré, Cormac’s
son, who fight and slay each other. And again, just as Arthur was
thought by many not to have really died, but to have passed to “the
island valley of Avilion”, so a Scottish legend tells us how, ages after
the Fenians, a man, landing by chance upon a mysterious western island,
met and spoke with Finn mac Coul. Even the alternative legend, which
makes Arthur and his warriors wait under the earth in a magic sleep for
the return of their triumph, is also told of the Fenians.
But these parallels, though they illustrate Arthur’s pre-eminence, do
not show his real place among the gods. To determine this, we must
examine the ranks of the older dynasties carefully, to see if any are
missing whose attributes this new-comer may have inherited. We find
Lludd and Gwyn, Arawn, Pryderi, and Manawyddan side by side with him
under their own names. Among the children of Dôn are Amaethon and
Govannan. But here the list stops, with a notable omission. There is no
mention, in later myth, of Gwydion. That greatest of the sons of Dôn has
fallen out, and vanished without a sign.
Singularly enough, too, the same stories that were once told of Gwydion
are now attached to the name of Arthur. So that we may assume, with
Professor Rhys, that Arthur, the prominent god of a new Pantheon, has
taken the place of Gwydion in the old.[364] A comparison of
Gwydion-myths and Arthur-myths shows an almost exact correspondence in
everything but name.
Like Gwydion, Arthur is the exponent of culture and of arts. Therefore
we see him carrying on the same war against the underworld for wealth
and wisdom that Gwydion and the sons of Dôn waged against the sons of
Llyr, the Sea, and of Pwyll, the Head of Hades.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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