But though there is nothing in these narratives alien to the course of thought in the native mind, yet as the date of the first is recent (1820), as they are not supported (so far as I know) by similar traditions elsewhere, and as they may have arisen from Christian doctrines of a millennium, I leave them for future investigation. What strikes us the most in this analysis of the opinions entertained by the red race on a future life is the clear and positive hope of a hereafter, in such strong contrast to the feeble and vague notions of the ancient Israelites, Greeks, and Romans, and yet the entire inertness of this hope in leading them to a purer moral life. It offers another proof that the fulfilment of duty is in its nature nowise connected with or derived from a consideration of ultimate personal consequences. It is another evidence that the religious is wholly distinct from the moral sentiment, and that the origin of ethics is not to be sought in connection with the ideas of divinity and responsibility. FOOTNOTES: [233-1] _Journal Historique_, p. 351: Paris, 1740. [234-1] _Rep. of the Commissioner of Ind. Affairs_, 1854, pp. 211, 212. The old woman is once more a personification of the water and the moon. [234-2] Bægert, _Acc. of the Aborig. Tribes of the Californian Peninsula_, translated by Chas. Rau, in Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst., 1866, p. 387. [235-1] Of the Nicaraguans Oviedo says: "Ce n'est pas leur cœur qui va en haut, mais ce qui les faisait vivre; c'est-à-dire, le souffle qui leur sort par la bouche, et que l'on nomme _Julio_" (_Hist. du Nicaragua_, p. 36). The word should be _yulia_, kindred with _yoli_, to live. (Buschmann, _Uber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 765.) In the Aztec and cognate languages we have already seen that _ehecatl_ means both _wind_, _soul_, and _shadow_ (Buschmann, _Spuren der Aztek. Spr. in Nördlichen Mexico_, p. 74). [236-1] _Rel. de la Nouv. France_, An 1636, p. 104; "Keating's _Narrative_," i. pp. 232, 410. [237-1] French, _Hist. Colls. of Louisiana_, iii. p. 26. [237-2] Mrs. Eastman, _Legends of the Sioux_, p. 129. [237-3] _Voy. à la Louisiane fait en 1720_, p. 155: Paris, 1768. [239-1] Dupratz, _Hist. of Louisiana_, ii. p. 219; Dumont, _Mems. Hist. sur la Louisiane_, i. chap. 26. [240-1] _Rel. de la Prov. de Cueba_, p. 140. [240-2] Coreal, _Voiages aux Indes Occidentales_, ii. p. 94: Amsterdam, 1722. [241-1] _Senate Rep. on the Ind. Tribes_, p. 358: Wash. 1867. [241-2] Egede, _Nachrichten von Grönland_, p. 145. [242-1] Alger, _Hist. of the Doctrine of a Future Life_, p. 76. [243-1] Hawkins, _Sketch of the Creek Country_, p. 80. [244-1] _Rel. de la Nouv. France_, 1634, pp. 17, 18. [244-2] Müller, _Amer. Urreligionen_, p. 229. [244-3] La Vega, _Hist. des Incas._, lib. ii. cap. 7. [244-4] _Ueber die Ureinwohner von Peru_, p. 41. [245-1] Coreal, _Voy. aux Indes Occident._, i. p. 224; Müller, _Amer. Urrelig._, p. 289. [246-1] Oviedo, _Hist. du Nicaragua_, p. 22.