[113-3] _Sagen der Nord-Amer. Indianer_, p. 21. This is a German translation of part of Jones's _Legends of the N. Am. Inds._: London, 1820. Their value as mythological material is very small. [114-1] Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, lib. vi. cap. 37. [114-2] Müller, _Amer. Urrelig._, 221, after De la Borde. [114-3] _Le Livre Sacré des Quichés_, p. 3. [114-4] _Rel. de la Nouv. France_, 1648, p. 75. [115-1] _Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake_, p. 48: London, 1765. This little book gives an account of the Cherokees at an earlier date than is elsewhere found. [116-1] Hawkins, _Sketch of the Creek Country_, p. 80. [116-2] Schoolcraft, _Algic Researches_, i. p. 179 sq.; compare ii. p. 117. [116-3] Morgan, _League of the Iroquois_, p. 159; Cusic, _Trad. Hist. of the Six Nations_, pt. ii. [117-1] Mrs. Eastman, _Legends of the Sioux_, pp. 161, 212. In this explanation I depart from Prof. Schwarz, who has collected various legends almost identical with these of the Indians (with which he was not acquainted), and interpreted the precious crown or horn to be the summer sun, brought forth by the early vernal lightning. _Ursprung der Mythologie_, p. 27, note. [118-1] Cusic, u. s., pt. ii. [119-1] This remarkable relic has been the subject of a long and able article in the _Revue Américaine_ (tom. ii. p. 69), by the venerable traveller De Waldeck. Like myself--and I had not seen his opinion until after the above was written--he explains the cruciform design as indicating the four cardinal points, but offers the explanation merely as a suggestion, and without referring to these symbols as they appear in so many other connections. [119-2] Schwarz, _Ursprung der Mythologie_, pp. 62 sqq. [119-3] "I have examined many Indians in reference to these details," says the narrator, an Augustin monk writing in 1554, "and they have all confirmed them as eye-witnesses" (_Lettre sur les Superstitions du Pérou_, p. 106, ed. Ternaux-Compans. This document is very valuable). [120-1] _Narrative of John Tanner_, p. 355; Henry, _Travels_, p. 176. [120-2] Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, lib. vi. cap. 31. CHAPTER V. THE MYTHS OF WATER, FIRE, AND THE THUNDER-STORM. Water the oldest element.--Its use in purification.--Holy water.--The Rite of Baptism.--The Water of Life.--Its symbols.--The Vase.--The Moon.--The latter the goddess of love and agriculture, but also of sickness, night, and pain.--Often represented by a dog.--Fire worship under the form of Sun worship.--The perpetual fire.--The new fire--Burning the dead.--A worship of the passions, but no sexual dualism in myths, nor any phallic worship in America.--Synthesis of the worship of Fire, Water, and the Winds in the THUNDER-STORM, personified as Haokah, Tupa, Catequil, Contici, Heno, Tlaloc, Mixcoatl, and other deities, many of them triune.