Various procedures in themselves, however, are not to be utterly discredited and condemned. They have performed a function in a transitional stage of education and progress. They can all bring evidence in support of some “cures.” In their origin and inception they represent honest effort, study and original thought. In analysis of them can be seen, in the minds of those who first evolved them, recognition and application of one or another of the basic elements, reactions or facts of addiction-disease. Each generation builds upon and adds to the work of the previous one, discards or adopts according to its more complete knowledge. We are building upon the various procedures of the past just as our successors will build upon our work of the present and will discard or adopt our various instruments and theories. We are nearing the end of consideration of routinely applied procedures, in all diseases. In addiction we are entering upon a stage of attitude and handling in which there shall be in each case comprehension of intrinsic elements and appreciation of their relative importance, and in which there shall be competent interpretation of symptomatology and competent selection and application of therapeutic measures, placing our efforts on a rational basis and adapting handling and treatment to the needs of the individual. Our stumbling-block in the past has been that our minds have been too much focused upon the mere use of narcotic drug and upon the stopping of drug use and too little upon the individual we were treating and the mechanism of his disease. We have tended to apply our remedial efforts to narcotic use instead of to narcotic drug addiction-disease.