The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889Various
History
The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889
Various
Geography -- Periodicals
The results of the investigations in 1887 and 1888 have not yet been
published, but from information kindly furnished by the authorities of
the Coast Survey, I am able to give a brief outline of the more
prominent facts ascertained.
In the section between Rebecca Shoal and Cuba the daily variation in
velocity was found as prominent as in Florida Strait, the mean time of
eight maxima corresponding to 9^h 18^m before, and that of three maxima
to 3^h 25^m after the moon's transit. The axis of the stream in this
section was found near the center of the current prism, and the flow
was easterly and inclined on either side toward the axis. The axis
seemed to occupy a higher level than other parts of the stream, and
this appears to be borne out by the fact that about half the number of
the current bottles thrown out in Florida Strait on the west side of
the axis were recovered along the east coast of Florida, while of those
thrown out east of the axis not a single one was heard from. As a rule
it was found that the stronger the current the more constant the
direction and the deeper the stratum. Remarkable fluctuations in the
flow near the axis were noted, the velocity increasing sometimes one
knot in ten or fifteen minutes, and then as suddenly decreasing again.
Lieutenant Pillsbury attributes this, however, to a serpentine movement
of the maximum flow, which would sometimes strike the station occupied
by the Blake. The edge of the stream was found at about 30 miles south
of Rebecca Shoal light-house.
Between Yucatan and Cape San Antonio the stream was found flowing about
north, and the line of maximum velocity corresponds on the average to
10^h before and to 2^h 20^m after the moon's transit. The excessive
variations were like those in Florida Strait, on the west side of the
stream, and the maximum velocity of 6¼ knots was found about 5 miles
off the 100-fathom line of Yucatan Bank. The eastern edge of the stream
lies about 20 miles west of Cape San Antonio, and between this edge and
the island, eddy currents exist. At the time the easternmost station in
this section was first occupied, the declination of the moon was low
and the set of the surface current north-easterly. At a high south
declination of the moon the surface current was found south-easterly in
direction, and east or south-east below the surface. The normal flow
below the surface was in each case from the Gulf into the Caribbean
Sea, and this makes it probable that the station was situated inshore
of the average limit of the stream. On Cape San Antonio Bank the
currents are tidal, flood running northward and ebb southward. On the
Yucatan Bank the currents were also tidal, but as the edge of the bank
is approached the stronger flow of the Gulf Stream predominates. The
monthly variation in velocity, which was found clearly defined at the
first two sections occupied, appeared at this section to be obliterated
by anomalies not existing at the former.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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