{i} THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE VOLUME III, 1891 [Illustration: National Geographic Society seal] WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 1892 {ii} OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 1891 GARDINER G. HUBBARD, _President_ HERBERT G. OGDEN | EVERETT HAYDEN | A. W. GREELY | _Vice-Presidents_ C. HART MERRIAM | HENRY GANNETT | CHARLES J. BELL, _Treasurer_ MARCUS BAKER | C. A. KENASTON | _Secretaries_ ROGERS BIRNIE, JR. | G. K. GILBERT | G. BROWN GOODE | WILLARD D. JOHNSON | W J MCGEE | _Managers_ T. C. MENDENHALL | W. B. POWELL | B. H. WARDER | PRINTERS JUDD & DETWEILER WASHINGTON ENGRAVERS MOSS ENGRAVING CO. NEW YORK {iii} _CONTENTS_. Page South America: Annual Address by the President, GARDINER G. HUBBARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Geography of the Land: Annual Report by Vice-President HERBERT G. OGDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Geography of the Air: Annual Report by Vice-President A. W. GREELY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 An Expedition to Mount St. Elias, Alaska; by ISRAEL C. RUSSELL . 53 Introduction--The Southern Coast of Alaska . . . . . . . . . 55 Part I--Previous Explorations in the St. Elias Region . . . . 58 Part II--Narrative of the St. Elias Expedition of 1890 . . . 75 Part III--Sketch of the Geology of the St. Elias Region . . . 167 Part IV--Glaciers of the St. Elias Region . . . . . . . . . . 176 Part V--Height and Position of Mount St. Elias . . . . . . . 189 Appendix A--Official Instructions governing the Expedition . 192 Appendix B--Report on topographic Work; by MARK B. KERR . . . 195 Appendix C--Report on auriferous Sands from Yakutat Bay; by J. STANLEY-BROWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Appendix D--Report on fossil Plants; by LESTER F. WARD . . . 199 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 The Cartography and Observations of Bering's First Voyage; by A. W. GREELY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Height and Position of Mount St. Elias; by ISRAEL C. RUSSELL . . 231 The Heart of Africa; by E. C. HORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Report of Committee on Exploration in Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 248 Notes--La Carte de France, dite de l'Etat Major, par M. J. COLLET 250 Polar Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 The Crossing of Tibet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Statistics of Railways in United States . . . . . . . . . 255 Index to volume III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Title-page and Imprimatur of Board of Mangers . . . . . . . . i