TOPHAM, W. H., Explorations by, 73, 74 --, Reference to map by, 177 TORNADOES, Results of, 50 TRADE, South American, 23 TRIANGULATION, Commencement of, 86 TUCKER, J. RANDOLPH, Remarks by, at field meeting, x TUNNELS, Ice, 184 TYNDALL GLACIER named, 73 TYNDALL, J., cited on marginal crevasses, 127 VAN BEBBER, A., Reference to work of, 47 VANCOUVER, CAPTAIN GEORGE, Explorations by, 66, 68 VERATRUM VIRIDE, Mention of, 114 VOLCANOES of the Andes, 2 WARD, LESTER F., Report on fossil plants, 199, 200 WAXEL, SWEN, Quotations from, on de l'Isle's map, 223 --, Translations from letter by, 224 --, Work of, 222 WHITE, THOMAS, Member of expedition, 76 --, Work of, 158, 160 WILLIAMS, C. A., Contribution to exploration fund by, 75 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM, Explorations by, 73, 74 WILLIS, BAILY, Contribution to exploration fund by, 75 WILSON, H. M., Record of communication by, ix YAKUTAT BAY, Arrival at, 79 --, Base camp on western shore of, 86, 89 --, Shores of described, 57 --, Synonomy of, 56 YAKUTAT INDIANS described by Dixon, 61 -- system, Description of rocks of, 167 -- -- named, 131 {i} THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE VOLUME III, 1891 [Illustration: National Geographic Society seal] WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 1892 {ii} OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 1891 GARDINER G. HUBBARD, _President_ HERBERT G. OGDEN | EVERETT HAYDEN | A. W. GREELY | _Vice-Presidents_ C. HART MERRIAM | HENRY GANNETT | CHARLES J. BELL, _Treasurer_ MARCUS BAKER | C. A. KENASTON | _Secretaries_ ROGERS BIRNIE, JR. | G. K. GILBERT | G. BROWN GOODE | WILLARD D. JOHNSON | W J MCGEE | _Managers_ T. C. MENDENHALL | W. B. POWELL | B. H. WARDER | PRINTERS JUDD & DETWEILER WASHINGTON ENGRAVERS MOSS ENGRAVING CO. NEW YORK {iii} _CONTENTS_. Page. South America: Annual Address by the President, GARDINER G. HUBBARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Geography of the Land: Annual Report by Vice-President HERBERT G. OGDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Geography of the Air: Annual Report by Vice-President A. W. GREELY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41