Although Eskimo tribes are to be found from Behring Strait to Greenland, and Indians anywhere between Vancouver Island and Newfoundland, the appearance of peoples in widely separated tribes is very much the same. All the Eskimo are short of stature (average height 5 ft. 2 in.), well built and sturdy, while the skin colour is a dark yellowish brown, not unlike the shade that characterises the Southern European. In some respects the Eskimo is not unlike an inhabitant of Mongolia, for at once a traveller would notice the broad face, high cheek bones, straight black hair, and oblique eyes. The head of an Eskimo is long in proportion to the breadth, and the very high vault enables a student to pick out an Eskimo skull from a great number of those belonging to other races. The North American Indians, too, are very uniform in appearance, and a native taken from one place could easily be mistaken for an inhabitant of some region far away; for in almost all cases there is the broad face, long well-shaped nose, and pointed chin. To speak of a “Red” Indian gives quite a wrong impression, for the skin is of a coppery brown, with a kind of underlying red tinge. The hair is usually long, straight, and black, but in British Columbia, and amongst the Déné, a reddish shade of hair is not uncommon, while among Salish tribes of the Pacific Coast the hair may be wavy or slightly curled. Of all the native tribes of British North America the Eskimo have by far the hardest and most unpleasant life, because they have no vegetable foods, cannot practise agriculture, and are entirely dependent on the products of hunting expeditions, which for nine months out of twelve are undertaken in bitterly cold weather, and among dreary wastes of snow. Indians such as the “Haida” of Queen Charlotte Islands, the “Kwakiutl” of Vancouver, and some of the “Salish” and “Déné” tribes of British Columbia, are most fortunate on account of a warm temperate climate and an abundant supply of various animal and vegetable foods. To the west of the Rocky Mountains lies a hilly, well-wooded country, abounding with game such as deer, foxes, bears, hares, beavers, squirrels, while birds are plentiful, and delicious salmon may be obtained from the Fraser River and its tributaries. Of all trees the cedar has been most useful to the coastal tribes, for it is to them what the cocoa-nut palm is to the people inhabiting the South Sea Islands. From the wood of cedar trees, houses and canoes are made, while clothing may be manufactured from the inner bark; and there is no part of this useful tree which is not put to some good purpose. Basket work is very cleverly woven with strands of different colours representing geometrical patterns, people, and objects. It may be thought that the outlines of human and animal figures are too stiff, but one must remember that the rigid nature of the basket work compels the worker to make straight lines.