During long evenings men will sit round the fire talking and polishing their hammers, merely rubbing with the palms of the hands; the implements take a very smooth gloss, and are handed down from father to son for many generations. [Illustration: NORTH AMERICAN IMPLEMENTS, WEAPONS, ETC. 1. Necklet of Wampum (shell) and bear’s claw. 2. A pipe-tomahawk. 3. A stone club-head. 4. Wooden comb representing a beast. 5. A peace-pipe. 6. A spiked tomahawk (skull cracker). 7. A stone-bladed axe. 8, 9, 10. Wooden masks from Vancouver Island. These represent the spirits of a beaver, a cannibal, and an eagle; they are worn during dances held in honour of these spirits. 11, 12, 13, 14. Fish-hooks. No. 11 is made of stone and wood; No. 12 is tipped with a bird’s claw; No. 13 is for halibut, and is tipped with bone; No. 14 is wood tipped with bone. 15. Rattle of puffin beaks used in dances by the Haida of Queen Charlotte Islands.] [1] For details of customs which still survive, also for information concerning practices which have fallen into disuse, see books recommended for the teacher’s reference library. CHAPTER III SOCIAL LIFE AMONG INDIAN TRIBES Every boy is familiar with the arrangement of Boy Scouts, who name themselves the “Beavers,” “Lions,” “Bears,” or “Eagles”; and, strange to say, there is a similar practice among many savage peoples in America, Australia, and the Pacific region, though primitive tribes have many strange beliefs which we do not hear of among boys who take animals as their emblems.