Transcriber's Note: Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. The character e-breve (e with a small curved line over) is represented in the text by [)e]. The character m-macron is represented in the text by [|m]. Italics in the footnote citations were inconsistently applied by the typesetter. On page 43, a word is possibly missing in the phrase "we will pass over third force, 'la race';" In footnote 95, the citation for Herrera is missing a book name. On the fold-out chart between pages 509 and 510, Clavigero, Month 10 may be "Xocohuetzl". In footnote 638, a reference to Leon y Gama, Dos Piedras, is incomplete. THE WORKS OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. VOLUME II. THE NATIVE RACES. VOL. II. CIVILIZED NATIONS. SAN FRANCISCO: A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1883. Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1882, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. _All Rights Reserved._ CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME. CHAPTER I. SAVAGISM AND CIVILIZATION. PAGE. Definition of the Terms -- The Universal Soul of Progress -- Man the Instrument and not the Element of Progress -- Origin of Progressional Phenomena -- The Agency of Evil -- Is Civilization Conducive to Happiness? -- Objective and Subjective Humanity -- Conditions Essential to Progress -- Continental Configurations -- Food and Climate -- Wealth and Leisure -- Association -- War, Slavery, Religion, and Government -- The Development of Progressional Law 1 CHAPTER II. GENERAL VIEW OF THE CIVILIZED NATIONS. The American Civilization of the Sixteenth Century -- Its Disappearance -- The Past, a New Element -- Dividing line between Savage and Civilized Tribes -- Bounds of American Civilization -- Physical Features of the Country -- Maya and Nahua Branches of Aboriginal Culture -- The Nahua Civilization -- The Aztecs its Representatives -- Limits of the Aztec Empire -- Ancient History of Anáhuac in Outline -- The Toltec Era -- The Chichimec Era -- The Aztec Era -- Extent of the Aztec Language -- Civilized Peoples outside of Anáhuac -- Central American Nations -- The Maya Culture -- The Primitive Maya Empire -- Nahua Influence in the South -- Yucatan and the Mayas -- The Nations of Chiapas -- The Quiché Empire in Guatemala -- The Nahuas in Nicaragua and Salvador -- Etymology of Names 81 CHAPTER III. GOVERNMENT OF THE NAHUA NATIONS.