Yucatan, the Country and the People -- Abundance of Ruined Cities --Antiquarian Exploration of the State -- Central Group -- Uxmal --History and Bibliography -- Waldeck, Stephens, Catherwood, Norman, Friederichsthal, and Charnay -- Casa del Gobernador, Las Monjas, El Adivino, Pyramid, and Gymnasium -- Kabah, Nohpat, Labná, and nineteen other Ruined Cities -- Eastern Group; Chichen Itza and vicinity --Northern Group, Mayapan, Mérida, and Izamal -- Southern Group; Labphak, Iturbide, and Macoba -- Eastern Coast; Tuloom and Cozumel --Western Coast; Maxcanú, Jaïna, and Campeche -- General Features of the Yucatan Relics -- Pyramids and Stone Buildings -- Limestone, Mortar, Stucco, and Wood -- The Triangular Arch -- Sculpture, Painting, and Hieroglyphics -- Roads and Wells -- Comparisons -- Antiquity of the Monuments -- Conclusions 140 CHAPTER VI. ANTIQUITIES OF TABASCO AND CHIAPAS, RUINS OF PALENQUE. Geographical Limits -- Physical Geography -- No Relics in Tabasco --Ruins of Palenque -- Exploration and Bibliography -- Name; Nachan, Culhuacan, Otolum, Xibalba -- Extent, Location, and Plan -- The Palace -- The Pyramidal Structure -- Walls, Corridors, and Courts -- Stucco Bas-Reliefs -- Tower -- Interior Buildings -- Sculptured Tablet --Subterranean Galleries -- Temple of the Three Tablets -- Temple of the Beau Relief -- Temple of the Cross -- Statue -- Temple of the Sun --Miscellaneous Ruins and Relics -- Ruins of Ococingo -- Winged Globe --Wooden Lintel -- Terraced Pyramid -- Miscellaneous Ruins of Chiapas --Custepeques, Xiquipilas, Laguna Mora, Copanabastla, and Zitalá --Huehuetan -- San Cristóval -- Remains on the Usumacinta -- Comparison between Palenque and the Cities of Yucatan -- Antiquity of Palenque --Conclusion 286 CHAPTER VII. ANTIQUITIES OF OAJACA AND GUERRERO. Nahua Antiquities -- Home of the Zapotecs and Miztecs -- Remains in Tehuantepec -- Fortified Hill of Guiengola -- Petapa, Magdalena, and Laollaga -- Bridge at Chihuitlan -- Cross of Guatulco -- Tutepec --City of Oajaca and Vicinity -- Tlacolula -- Etla -- Peñoles --Quilapan -- Ruins of Monte Alban -- Relics at Zachila -- Cuilapa --Palaces of Mitla -- Mosaic Work -- Stone Columns -- Subterranean Galleries -- Pyramids -- Fortifications -- Comparison with Central American Ruins -- Northern Monuments -- Quiotepec -- Cerro de las Juntas -- Tuxtepec -- Huahuapan -- Yanguitlan -- Antiquities of Guerrero 366 CHAPTER VIII. ANTIQUITIES OF VERA CRUZ.