American Monuments beyond the Limits of the Pacific States -- Eastern Atlantic States -- Remains in the Mississippi Valley -- Three Geographical Divisions -- Classification of Monuments -- Embankments and Ditches -- Fortifications -- Sacred Enclosures -- Mounds --Temple-Mounds, Animal-Mounds, and Conical Mounds -- Altar-Mounds, Burial Mounds, and Anomalous Mounds -- Contents of the Mounds -- Human Remains -- Remains of Aboriginal Art -- Implements and Ornaments of Metal, Stone, Bone, and Shell -- Ancient Copper Mines --Rock-Inscriptions -- Antiquity of the Mississippi Remains --Comparisons -- Conclusions 744 CHAPTER XIV. PERUVIAN ANTIQUITIES. Two Epochs of Peruvian Civilization -- Aboriginal Government, Religion, and Arts -- Contrasts -- The Huacas -- Human Remains --Articles of Metal -- Copper Implements -- Gold and Silver Vases and Ornaments -- Use of Iron unknown -- Aboriginal Engineering -- Paved Roads -- Peruvian Pottery -- Ruins of Pachacamac -- Mausoleum of Cuelap -- Gran-Chimú -- Huaca of Misa -- Temple of the Sun -- Remains on the Island of Titicaca -- Chavin de Huanta -- Huanuco el Viejo --Cuzco -- Monuments of Tiahuanaco -- Island of Coati 791 [Illustration: NATIVE RACE OF THE PACIFIC STATES SHOWING THE LOCATION OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS] THE NATIVE RACES OF THE PACIFIC STATES. ANTIQUITIES. CHAPTER I. ARCHÆOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION. MONUMENTAL ARCHÆOLOGY -- SCOPE OF THE VOLUME -- TREATMENT OF THE SUBJECT -- SOURCES OF INFORMATION -- TANGIBILITY OF MATERIAL RELICS -- VAGUENESS OF TRADITIONAL AND WRITTEN ARCHÆOLOGY -- VALUE OF MONUMENTAL RELICS, AS CONVEYING POSITIVE INFORMATION RESPECTING THEIR BUILDERS, AS CORROBORATIVE OR CORRECTIVE WITNESSES, AS INCENTIVES TO RESEARCH -- COUNTERFEIT ANTIQUITIES -- EGYPTIAN, ASSYRIAN, AND PERSIAN MONUMENTS -- RELICS PROVING THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN -- EXPLORATION OF AMERICAN RUINS -- KEY TO CENTRAL AMERICAN HIEROGLYPHICS -- NO MORE UNWRITTEN HISTORY. [Sidenote: TREATMENT OF THE SUBJECT.]