Besides what have been already mentioned, which are produced by culture, the fields afford the bugloss[98], mallow[99], and asparagus[100], which they use as pot-herbs; the capper[101], which they pickle; the dandelion[102], and water cresses[103], used in sallading; and the summer savory[104], which, dried and powdered, and mixed with salt, they call _zater_, and often eat as a relisher with bread, serving many of the natives by way of breakfast in the winter-season; also the _Spanish_ nut[105]; and a species of hartwort[106], called by them _secacul_; both which they eat crude. In their little gardens they cultivate, besides the roses already mentioned, the _Dutch_ hundred-leaf rose[107]; monthly rose[108], which, by proper management, flowers about ten months in the year; a few plants of the passion flower[109]; and several kinds of jasmin[110]: oleander[111], and myrtle[112], grow plentifully in all the water’d parts of _Syria_, but here only by culture. Henna[113] is kept in pots, and preserved with great care from the inclemency of the winter, being much esteemed on account of its sweet-scented flowers; _Spanish_ broom[114], vervain mallow[115], night-shade[116], winter cherry[117]; and abundance of flowers, several of which have been brought there by the _Europeans_, and of which they are very fond, the women in particular, who decorate their head-dress with them: of these the chief are the ranunculus and anemony, carnation, hyacinth, narcissus, violet, tuberose[118], _African_ marigold[119], lupines, sow-bread, _Indian_ bellflower[120], marvel of _Peru_[121], columbine, stock-gelliflower. They also raise in these little gardens _Guinea_ pepper[122], which they use as a pickle; and love apples[123], which are but little ate by any of the natives, except the Jews; rosemary[124], basil[125], flower gentle[126], female balsamine[127], musk scabious, rue[128], wormwood[129]. The common _Seville_ orange[130], the sweet _Seville_ orange[131], _China_ orange[132], common lemon[133], sweet lemon[134], and citron[135], are also with care preserved here by the natives, for they will not bear a severe winter in _Aleppo_; though they are in great abundance at _Byas_, _Latachia_, _Tripoly_, and other places on the coast of _Syria_; from whence the city is plentifully supplied with these fruits. Neither my time, nor knowledge in botany, even though assisted by my brother, who had a great deal more of both, were equal to the task of making a compleat list of all the plants growing round _Aleppo_; but though several may have been omitted, great care has been taken that none should be inserted in the following account but what have been determined with as much accuracy as possible.[136] It may not be improper to observe, that the plants in general are of a much humbler growth here than in most other parts.