The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 1 (of 6)Pliny, the Elder
History
The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 1 (of 6)
Pliny, the Elder
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works
Leaving these however, we come to the nation of the Ingævones[2887],
the first in Germany; at which we begin to have some information
upon which more implicit reliance can be placed. In their country is
an immense mountain called Sevo[2888], not less than those of the
Riphæan range, and which forms an immense gulf along the shore as
far as the Promontory of the Cimbri. This gulf, which has the name
of the ‘Codanian,’ is filled with islands; the most famous among
which is Scandinavia[2889], of a magnitude as yet unascertained: the
only portion of it at all known is inhabited by the nation of the
Hilleviones, who dwell in 500 villages, and call it a second world: it
is generally supposed that the island of Eningia[2890] is of not less
magnitude. Some writers state that these regions, as far as the river
Vistula, are inhabited by the Sarmati, the Venedi[2891], the Sciri,
and the Hirri[2892], and that there is a gulf there known by the name
of Cylipenus[2893], at the mouth of which is the island of Latris,
after which comes another gulf, that of Lagnus, which borders on the
Cimbri. The Cimbrian Promontory, running out into the sea for a great
distance, forms a peninsula which bears the name of Cartris[2894].
Passing this coast, there are three and twenty islands which have
been made known by the Roman arms[2895]: the most famous of which is
Burcana[2896], called by our people Fabaria, from the resemblance
borne[2897] by a fruit which grows there spontaneously. There are those
also called Glæsaria[2898] by our soldiers, from their amber; but by
the barbarians they are known as Austeravia and Actania.
CHAP. 28.—GERMANY.
The whole of the shores of this sea as far as the Scaldis[2899], a
river of Germany, is inhabited by nations, the dimensions of whose
respective territories it is quite impossible to state, so immensely
do the authors differ who have touched upon this subject. The Greek
writers and some of our own countrymen have stated the coast of
Germany to be 2500 miles in extent, while Agrippa, comprising Rhætia
and Noricum in his estimate, makes the length to be 686[2900] miles,
and the breadth 148[2901]. (14.) The breadth of Rhætia alone however
very nearly exceeds that number of miles, and indeed we ought to state
that it was only subjugated at about the period of the death of that
general; while as for Germany, the whole of it was not thoroughly known
to us for many years after his time. If I may be allowed to form a
conjecture, the margin of the coast will be found to be not far short
of the estimate of the Greek writers, while the distance in a straight
line will nearly correspond with that mentioned by Agrippa.
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