The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3 (of 6)Pliny, the Elder
History
The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3 (of 6)
Pliny, the Elder
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works
The commoner kinds of oil, too, are mixed with those of myrrh and
laurel, to which are added sampsuchum, lilies, fenugreek, myrrh,
cassia,[714] nard,[715] sweet-rush, and cinnamon.[716] There is an oil,
too, made of the common quince and the sparrow quince, called melinum,
as we shall have occasion to mention hereafter;[717] it is used as an
ingredient in unguents, mixed with omphacium, oil of cyprus, oil of
sesamum,[718] balsamum,[719] sweet-rush, cassia, and abrotonum.[720]
Susinum[721] is the most fluid of them all: it is made of lilies, oil
of balanus, calamus, honey, cinnamon, saffron,[722] and myrrh; while
the unguent of cyprus[723] is compounded of cyprus, omphacium and
cardamum, calamus, aspalathus,[724] and abrotonum. There are some
persons who, when making unguent of cyprus, employ myrrh also, and
panax:[725] the best is that made at Sidon, and the next best that
of Egypt: care must be taken not to add oil of sesamum: it will keep
as long as four years, and its odour is strengthened by the addition
of cinnamon. Telinum[726] is made of fresh olive-oil, cypirus,[727]
calamus, melilote,[728] fenugreek, honey, marum,[729] and sweet
marjoram. This last was the perfume most in vogue in the time of the
Comic poet Menander: a considerable time after that known as “megalium”
took its place, being so called as holding the very highest rank;[730]
it was composed of oil of balanus, balsamum, calamus, sweet-rush,
xylobalsamum,[731] cassia, and resin. One peculiar property of this
unguent is, that it requires to be constantly stirred while boiling,
until it has lost all smell: when it becomes cold, it recovers its
odour.[732]
There are some single essences also which, individually, afford
unguents of very high character: the first rank is due to
malobathrum,[733] and the next to the iris of Illyricum and the sweet
marjoram of Cyzicus, both of them herbs. There are perfumers who
sometimes add some few other ingredients to these: those who use the
most, employ for the purpose honey, flour of salt, omphacium, leaves
of agnus,[734] and panax, all of them foreign ingredients.[735] The
price of unguent[736] of cinnamon is quite enormous; to cinnamon
there is added oil of balanus, xylobalsamum, calamus, sweet-rush,
seeds of balsamum, myrrh, and perfumed honey: it is the thickest in
consistency of all the unguents; the price at which it sells ranges
from thirty-five to three hundred denarii per pound. Unguent[737]
of nard,[738] or foliatum, is composed of omphacium or else oil of
balanus, sweet-rush, costus,[739] nard, amomum,[740] myrrh, and
balsamum.
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