The remaining varieties have received their name from various circumstances—the apples known as the “gemella”[1806] are always found hanging in pairs upon one stalk, like twins, and never growing singly. That known as the “syricum”[1807] is so called from its colour, while the “melapium”[1808] has its name from its strong resemblance to the pear. The “musteum”[1809] was so called from the rapidity with which it ripens; it is the melimelum of the present day, which derives its appellation from its flavour, being like that of honey. The “orbiculatum,”[1810] again, is so called from its shape, which is exactly spherical—the circumstance of the Greeks having called it the “epiroticum” proves that it came originally from Epirus. The orthomastium[1811] has that peculiar appellation from its resemblance to a teat; and the “spadonium”[1812] of the Belgæ is so nicknamed from the total absence of pips. The melofolium[1813] has one leaf, and occasionally two, shooting from the middle of the fruit. That known as the “pannuceum”[1814] shrivels with the greatest rapidity; while the “pulmoneum”[1815] has a lumpish, swollen appearance. Some apples are just the colour of blood, owing to an original graft of the mulberry; but they are all of them red on the side which is turned towards the sun. There are some small wild[1816] apples also, remarkable for their fine flavour and the peculiar pungency of their smell. Some, again, are so remarkably[1817] sour, that they are held in disesteem; indeed their acidity is so extreme, that it will even take the edge from off a knife. The worst apples of all are those which from their mealiness have received the name of “farinacea;”[1818] they are the first, however, to ripen, and ought to be gathered as soon as possible. CHAP. 16. (15.)—FORTY-ONE VARIETIES OF THE PEAR.