The Natural History of the Varieties of ManLatham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Science
The Natural History of the Varieties of Man
Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Ethnology
The inability to combine articulations, which, when taken singly, are
sufficiently easy of pronunciation, is another sign of deficiency of
power over language, as an instrument, or medium, and, in some form
or other, it is a common phænomenon; _e.g._, the sound of _s_, and
the sound of[74]_tsh_, are pronounceable enough when taken singly;
since we can say _shest_, and we can say _tshest_. The _combination_,
however, of _stsh_ is difficult--at least to English organs. There is
none such in our language; yet it is a favourite juxtaposition in the
Slavonic tongues. Again, to a person unused to comparative philology,
it may seem strange to be told that in the Finlandic dialects the
combination of any two consonants in the same syllable, is rare: and
that such words as _stab_, &c., in order to become pronounceable must
be converted into _setab_, or _estab_, &c. Yet this inability to
combine consonants with one another is, perhaps, the rule rather than
the exception in language.
Again, without admitting the notion of an aristocracy amongst the
elements of the alphabet, and calling sounds like _r_ and _s_ the
_noble_ letters, just as gold and silver are designated as the
_noble_ metals, we may ask whether their absence in some of the more
uncivilized languages, is not a fact of some import in the natural
history of Man. It seems so to the present writer.[75]
These episodical observations, however, form a long prelude to a very
simple fact, viz.: that, as far as we are enabled to make a negative
statement, the sound of _s_, wanting in many of the Polynesian
dialects, is wanting in all the Australian ones.
_Incomplete numeration of the Australians._--The import of an
Australian having no more than the three, four, or five first numerals,
and being thereby as unable to count the number of the fingers of his
hands, as that of the hair of his head, is less equivocal. It speaks,
at once, to a _minimum_ amount of intellectual power. Nevertheless,
the same inability occurs elsewhere; especially in certain languages
of South America. The only vocabulary of Australia, where the numerals
run beyond five, is that of King George's Sound, as given in Mitchell's
Australia.
The political constitution (if so it can be called) of the Australians
is preeminently simple, exhibiting a society of families rather than
of tribes; and one of the facts connected with the evidence in favour
of the unity of the Australian division of mankind is the remarkable
distribution of families bearing the same name. The principal of
these are the Ballaroke, the Tdondarup, the Ngotok, the Nagarnook,
the Nogonyuk, the Mongalung, and the Narrangar.[76] Now, persons
bearing one or the other of these names, may be found in parts of
the country five hundred miles apart. Nor does this appear to be the
effect of migration, since each tribe is limited by the jealousy of its
neighbours to its own hunting-ground, beyond which it seldom passes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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