"The place at which the _jargon_ is most in use is at Fort _Vancouver_. At this establishment five languages are spoken by about five hundred persons--namely, the _English_, the _Canadian French_, the _Tshinúk_, the _Cree_ or _Knisteneau_, and the _Hawaiian_. The three former are already accounted for; the _Cree_ is the language spoken in the families of many officers and men belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company, who have married half-breed wives at the posts east of the Rocky Mountains. The _Hawaiian_ is in use among about a hundred natives of the Sandwich Islands, who are employed as labourers about the fort. Besides these five languages there are many others--the _Tsihailish_, _Wallawalla_, _Kalapuya_, _Naskwali_, &c., which are daily heard from natives who visit the fort for the purpose of trading. Among all these individuals, there are very few who understand more than two languages, and many who speak only their own. The general communication is, therefore, maintained chiefly by means of the _jargon_, which may be said to be the prevailing idiom. There are Canadians and half-breeds married to Chinook women, who can only converse with their wives in this speech; and it is the fact, strange as it may seem, that many young children are growing up to whom this factitious language is really the mother tongue, and who speak it with more readiness and perfection than any other." CATHLASCOU. _Locality._--From the Falls of the Columbia to Wappatoo Island, falling into a number of small tribes. The third of the larger divisions of the Oregon Indians is that of the-- SAHAPTIN. _Area._--The northern bank of the Columbia from the Tshinúk country, at the mouth, to the junction of the river Lewis. The valley of the river Lewis (or Snake River). As far east as the Rocky Mountains. _Conterminous_ with the Salish Tsihaili to the north, the Upsaroka (Crows) to the east, the Paducas and Wailatpu to the south, the Skwali Tsihaili and the Watlala Tshinúks to the west. _Divisions._--1. Wallawallas, Kliketat. 2. Proper Sahaptin or Nez-percés. 3. Pelús. 4. Yakemas. 5. Cayús(?). _Numbers._--About 4000. _Aliment._--Roots, salmon. _Extract from Mr. Hales._--"Both the Sahaptin and Wallawallas compress the head, but less than the tribes on the coast." _The Kliketat_ are distinguished by having the lower part of the septum of the nose cut away.[119] The imperfect industry of the Sahaptin tribes is considered to be on a higher level than that of either the Tshinúks or Tsihaili; so that, in this respect, they stand the first of the Oregon aborigines. The same applies to their susceptibility of religious influences. With no family have the efforts of the missionaries been more successful than with the Nez-percés. In physical appearance they are more like the Indians to the east of the Rocky Mountains, than any tribes hitherto described.