Root, _u_, &c., = _be_. (_Auxiliar._) _Plural_--_Present_, st-am, st-ut, i-st-i = _sumus_, _estis_, _sunt_. _Singular_--_Preterite_, u-t-an, u-t-as, u-d-i = _fui_, _fuisti_, _fuit_. _Singular_--_Future_, u-gín-an, u-gín-as, u-gén-i = _ero_, _eris_, _erit_. _Imperative_ fau = _esto_. 2. _Root_, k'an = _make_. (_Auxiliar._) _Preterite_, = s-k`o-t-on,[45] s-k`o-t-ai, s-k`o-t-a = _feci_, _fecisti_, _fecit_. 3. _Root_, kus = _hear_. INDICATIVE. _Sing._ _Plural._ _Present_, 1. Qus-_in_ Qus-_am_. 2. Qus-_is_ Qus-_ut`_ 3. Qus-_i_ Qus-_inc`_. INDICATIVE. _Sing._ _Plural._ _Imperfect_, 1. Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_on_ Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_am_ 2. Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_ai_ Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_at`_ 3. Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_a_ Qus-_ga_-_k`o_-t-_oi_ _Perfect_, 1. fé-_qus_-t-_on_ fé-_qus_-t-_am_ 2. fé-_qus_-t-_ai_ fé-_qus_-t-_at`_ 3. fé-_qus_-t-_a_ fé-_qus_-t-_oi_ _Future_, 1. bai-_qus_-_g'in_-_an_ bai-_qus_-_g'i_-_stam_ 2. bai-_qus_-_g'in_-_as_ bai-_qus_-_g'i_-_stut`_ 3. bai-_qus_-_g'én_-_i_ bai-_qus_-_g'i_-_sti_ CONJUNCTIVE. _Present_, 1. qus-_on_ qus-_am_ 2. qus-_ai_ qus-_at`_ 3. qus-_ai_ qus-_oi_ _Imperfect_, 1. qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_on_ qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_am_ 2. qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_ai_ qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_at`_ 3. qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_a_ qus-_ga_-_k`an_-_oi_ IMPERATIVE. 1. ---- bai-_qus_-_am_ 2. bai-_qus_ bai-_qus_-_ut`_ 3. bai-_qus_-_a_ bai-_qus_-_oi_ INFINITIVE, qus-_in_. _Participles_, Qus-_ag_, qus-_gond_, qus-_in_-_ag_. It may safely be said, that no Dioscurian language is _more_ Indo-European than the Irôn. CIRCASSIANS. _Locality._--West Caucasus. _Divisions._--1. True Circassians, calling themselves _Adigé_. 2. Absné. _Sub-divisions_ of the Absné. 1. Absné. 2. Tepanta (or Altekesek). It may safely be said that no Dioscurian language is _less_ Indo-European than the Circassian. Such being the case, its grammar forms a proper complement to that of the Irôn. In respect to its sounds, it has the credit, even in Caucasus, of being the most harsh and disagreeable language of the Caucasian area; consonants being accumulated, and hiatus being frequent.