The Natural History of the Varieties of ManLatham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Science
The Natural History of the Varieties of Man
Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Ethnology
The declensional inflections are preeminently scanty. In English
substantives there is a sign for the possessive case, and for none
other. In Absné there is not even this--_ab_=_father_, _ácĕ_=_horse_;
_ab ácĕ_=_father's horse_, (verbally, _father horse_). In expressions
like these, position does the work of an inflection.
Judging from Rosen's example, the use of prepositions is as limited as
that of inflections, _sara s-ab ácĕ ist`ap I my-father horse give_, or
_giving am_; _abna amus`w izbit_=_wood bear see-did_=_I saw a bear in
the wood_; _awinĕ wi as`wkĕ_=(in) _house two doors_; _ácĕ sis`lit_=(on)
_horse mount-I-did_.
Hence declension begins with the formation of the plural number. This
consists in the addition of the syllable _k`wa_.
_Acĕ_ = _horse_; _ácĕ-k`wa_ = _horses_.
_Atsla_ = _tree_; _atsla-k`wa_ = _trees_.
_Awinĕ_ = _house_; _awinĕ-k`wa_ = _houses_.
In the pronouns there is as little inflection as in the substantives
and adjectives, _i. e._ there are no forms corresponding to _mihi_,
_nobis_, &c.
1. When the pronoun signifies possession, it takes an inseparable
form, is incorporated with the substantive that agrees with it, and is
_s-_ for the first, _w-_ for the second, and _i-_ for the third person
singular. Then for the plural it is _h-_ for the first person, _s`-_
for the second, _r-_ for the third: _ab_=father;
_S-ab_ = _my father_; _h-ab_ = _our father_.
_W-ab_ = _thy father_; _s`-ab_ = _your father_.
_T-ab_ = _his (her) father_; _r-ab_ = _their father_.
2. When the pronoun is governed by a verb, it is inseparable also; and
similarly incorporated.
3. Hence, the only inseparable form of the personal pronoun is, when it
governs the verb. In this case the forms are:
_Sa-ra_ = I _Ha-ra_ = we
_Wa-ra_ = thou _S`a-ra_ = ye
_Ui_ = he _U-bart`_ = they.
In _sa-ra_, _wa-ra_, _ha-ra_, _s`a-ra_, the _-ra_ is non-radical. The
word _u-bart`_ is a compound.
The ordinal=first is _achani_. This seems formed from _aka_=one.
The ordinal=second is _agi_. This seems unconnected with the word
_wi-_=_two_; just as in English, _second_ has no etymological
connection with _two_.
The remaining ordinals are formed regularly, by prefixing to the
radical part of their respective cardinals, _-a_, and affixing _-nto_.
_Cardinals._ _Ordinals._
3, Chi-_ba_[46] A-chi-_nto_
4, P`s`i-_ba_ A-p`s`i-_nto_
5, Chu-_ba_ A-chu-_nto_
6, F-_ba_ F-_into_
7, Bis`-_ba_ Bs-_into_
8, Aa-_ba_ A-a-_nto_
9, S`-_ba_ S`b-_into_
10, S`wa-_ba_ Sw-_ento_.
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