The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His PredecessorsKing, W. James (William James)
History
The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His Predecessors
King, W. James (William James)
Gilbert, William, 1544-1603; Magnetism -- History
Another of the scholars whose explanation of the loadstone Gilbert
noted with approval was Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa.[35] The latter's
references to it were not as direct as those of St. Thomas, but he did
use it as an image several times to provide a microcosmic example of
the relation of God to his creation. From this one can infer that he
explained the preternatural motion of the magnet and the iron by
impressed qualities, the heavens being the agent for the loadstone,
and the loadstone, the agent for iron.
[26] Hellmann, _op. cit._ (footnote 6), Peregrinus, pt. 1,
ch. 8. The magnet attracts the iron "secundum naturalem
appetitum lapidis ... sine resistentia." There is no natural
resistence to this motion since it is no longer contrary to
the nature of the iron. The nature of the iron has changed.
[27] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 9.
[28] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 9.
[29] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 8.
[30] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 9.
[31] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 9. See also footnote 27.
[32] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 10. See also ch. 4.
[33] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 10. See also ch. 4.
[34] _Ibid._, pt. 1, ch. 10.
[35] However, he may not always have approved of him. See
M:74; "Overinquisitive theologians, too, seek to light up
God's mysteries and things beyond man's understanding by
means of the loadstone and amber."
In the _Idiota de sapientia_ the Cardinal used the image of the magnet
and the iron to provide a concrete instance of his "coincidentia
oppositorum," to illustrate how eternal wisdom, in the Neoplatonic
sense, could, at the same time, be principle or cause of being, its
complement and also its goal.[36]
Si igitur in omni desiderio vitae intellectualis attenderes,
a quo est intellectus, per quod movetur et ad quod, in te
comperires dulcedinem sapientiae aeternae illam esse, quae
tibi facit desiderium tuum ita dulce et delectabile, ut in
inerrabili affectu feraris ad eius comprehensionem tanquam ad
immortalitatem vitae tue, quasi ad ferrum et magnetem
attendas. Habet enim ferrum in magnete quoddam sui effluxus
principium; et dum magnes per sui praesentiam excitat ferrum
grave et ponderosum, ferrum mirabili desiderio fertur etiam
supra motum naturae, quo secundum gravitatem deorsum tendere
debet, et sursum movetur se in suo principio uniendo. Nisi
enim in ferro esset quaedam praegustatio naturalis ipsius
magnetis, non moveretur plus ad magnetem quam ad alium
lapidem; et nisi in lapide esset major inclinatio ad ferrum
quam cuprum, non esset illa attractio. Habet igitur spiritus
noster intellectualis ab aeterna sapientia principium sic
intellectualiter essendi, quod esse est conformius sapientae
quam aliud non intellectuale. Hinc irraditio seu immissio in
sanctam animam est motus desideriosus in excitatione.
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