The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His PredecessorsKing, W. James (William James)
History
The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His Predecessors
King, W. James (William James)
Gilbert, William, 1544-1603; Magnetism -- History
By virtue of the causal hierarchy of forms, the loadstone acquires its
magnetic powers from the earth.[153] As the earth has its natural
parts, so has the stone.[154] Although the geometrical center of a
terrella is the center of the magnetic forces,[155] objects do not
tend to move to the center but to its poles,[156] where the magnetic
energy is most conspicuous.[157] However, in a sense, the energy is
everywhere equal: the virtue is spread throughout the entire mass of
the loadstone,[158] and all the parts direct the forces to the
poles.[159] The poles become the "thrones" of the magnetic
powers.[160] On the other hand, the directive force is stronger where
coition is weaker and accordingly, verticity is most prominent at the
equator.[161]
[153] M: pp. 184-186, 190, 232. This is not quite the same
argument as that the powers of the loadstone are identical
with those of the earth. See footnote 78.
[154] M: pp. 125, 180.
[155] M: p. 151.
[156] M: pp. 121, 150.
[157] M: pp. 115, 151, 165.
[158] M: pp. 106, 118, 151, 191, 205, 221, 243.
[159] M: pp. 116, 117, 119, 131, 183, 188, 221.
[160] M: p. 31.
[161] M: pp. 116, 151, 200.
The strength of a loadstone depends upon its shape and mass. A bar
magnet has greater powers than a spherical one because it tends to
concentrate the magnetic powers more in the ends.[162] For a given
purity and shape, the heavier the loadstone, the greater its
strength.[163] A loadstone has a maximum degree of magnetic force that
cannot be increased.[164] However, weaker ones can be strengthened by
stronger ones.[165] Similarly, the shape and weight of the iron
determine the magnetic force in coition.[166]
[162] M: pp. 131, 132, 153-158.
[163] M: pp. 141, 152, 153, 158, 161, 191, 222.
[164] M: p. 146.
[165] M: p. 165.
[166] M: p. 153.
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