The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His Predecessors — John Shaqi
The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His PredecessorsKing, W. James (William James)
History
The Natural Philosophy of William Gilbert and His Predecessors
King, W. James (William James)
Gilbert, William, 1544-1603; Magnetism -- History
St. Thomas placed the form of the magnet and its powers in the
hierarchy of forms intermediate between the forms of the inanimate
world and the forms of the organic world with its hierarchy of plant,
animal and rational souls. The form of the loadstone is then superior
to that of iron, which can only act through its active and passive
qualities, but inferior to the plant soul, that has the powers of
growth from the "virtus coeli." This is similar to Galen's comparison
of the magnet's powers to that of the nutritive powers of organic
bodies.
In his commentary on Aristotle's _Physics_, St. Thomas explained how
iron is moved to the magnet. It is moved by some quality imparted to
the iron by the magnet.[25]
Illud ergo trahere dicitur, quod movet alterum ad seipsum.
Movere autem aliquid secundum locum ad seipsum contingit
tripliciter. Uno modo sicut finis movet; unde et finis
dicitur trahere, secundum illud poetate: "trahit sua quemque
voluptas": et hoc modo potest dici quod locus trahit id, quod
naturaliter movetur ad locum. Alio modo potest dici aliquid
trahere, quia movet illud ad seipsum alterando aliqualiter,
ex qua alteratione contingit quod alteratum moveatur secundum
locum: et hoc modo magnes dicitur trahere ferrum. Sicut enim
generans movet gravia et levia, inquantum dat eis formarum
per quam moventur ad locum, ita et magnes dat aliquam
qualitatem ferro, per quam movetur ad ipsum. Et quod hoc sit
verum patet ex tribus. Primo quidem quia magnes non trahit
ferrum ex quacumque distantia, sed ex propinquo; si autem
ferrum moveretur ad magnetem solum sicut ad finem, sicut
grave ad suum locum, ex qualibet distantia tenderet ad ipsum.
Secundo, quia, si magnes aliis perungatur, ferrum attrahere
non potest; quasi aliis vim alterativam ipsius impedientibus,
aut etiam in contrarium alterantibus. Tertio, quia ad hoc
quod magnes attrahat ferrum, oportet prius ferrum liniri cum
magnete, maxime si magnes sit parvus; quasi ex magnete
aliquam virtutem ferrum accipiat ut ad eum moveatur. Sic
igitur magnes attrahit ferrum non solum sicut finis, sed
etiam sicut movens et alterans. Tertio modo dicitur aliquid
attrahere, quia movet ad seipsum motu locali tantum. Et sic
definitur hic tractio, prout unum corpus trahit alteram, ita
quod trahens simul moveatur cum eo quod trahitur.
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