The Nature of Animal LightHarvey, E. Newton (Edmund Newton)
Science
The Nature of Animal Light
Harvey, E. Newton (Edmund Newton)
Phosphorescence
From Table 10 it should be noted that the intensity of luminescence of
pyrogallol oxidized with most oxidizers is actually less at the boiling
point, a fact which I have repeatedly verified. Let us now see how these
facts are to be explained. If we assume that luminescence is dependent
on reaction velocity, the intensity of luminescence should increase with
increasing temperature. Up to a certain limit this is what we find, but
at temperatures above this limit the intensity of luminescence actually
decreases. The duration of luminescence also decreases. There is an
optimum temperature for luminescence in many cases and we can only
conclude that luminescence depends not on a very rapid reaction velocity
but on a certain definite reaction velocity. Assuming that this is true,
how can we account for the anomalous fact that in high concentrations of
oxygen, phosphorus will not luminesce or that in high concentrations of
pyrogallol, there is no luminescence in presence of ozone or of oxidizer
and H_{2}O_{2}. Of course with high active mass of oxygen (in case of
phosphorous luminescence) or of pyrogallol (in case of pyrogallol
luminescence) the reaction velocity must be greater than the
optimum. If that is the case, then lowering the temperature should
reduce the reaction velocity to the optimum and light should appear.
However, as we have seen, not lowering but raising the temperature
causes luminescence with high oxygen concentration or high pyrogallol
concentration.
TABLE 11
_Temperature, Concentration of Pyrogallol, and Light Production. An
Equal Amount of M/20 K_{4}Fe(CN)_{6} is Mixed with Pyrogallol + 3 per
Cent H_{2}O_{2}_
A = Concentration of pyrogallol (after mixing)
=========================================================================
| Temperatures
A +---------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------
| 0-2° | 10° | 20° | 30° | 50° | 75° | 98-100°
--------+---------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------
M/4 | Negative| Negative| Good | Very | Faint | Fair | Faint
| | | | faint| | |
M/40 | Negative| Faint | Faint | Faint | Good | Bright | Good
| | | | | | |
M/400 | Faint | Fair | Good | Good | Good | Bright | Bright
| | | | | | | flash
M/4,000 | Bright | Bright | Bright| Bright | Bright | Fair | Negative
| | | | | flash| flash|
--------+---------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------
TABLE 12
_Temperature, Concentration of Ferrocyanide and Light Production. An
Equal Amount of K_{4}Fe(CN)_{6} is Mixed with M/100 Pyrogallol + 3 Per
Cent H_{2}O_{2}_
A = Concentration of K_{4}Fe(CN)_{6} exposed to light (after mixing)
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