It certainly does not. Our universe contains nothing that can be
represented by that figure. Indeed if anywhere such a self-sufficing
organism did exist, we could never know it. For, by the hypothesis, it
would be altogether adequate to itself and without relations beyond
its own bounds. And if it were thus cut off from connection with
everything except itself, it could not even affect our knowledge. It
would be a closed universe within our universe, and be for us as good
as zero. We must own, then, that we have no acquaintance with any such
perfect organism, while the facts of life reveal conditions widely
unlike those here represented.
What these conditions are becomes apparent when we put significance
into the letters hitherto employed. Let our diagram become a picture
of the organic life of John. Then A might represent his physical life,
B his business life, C his civil, D his domestic; and we should have
asserted that each of these several functions in the life of John
assists all the rest. His physical health favors his commercial and
political success, while at the same time making him more valuable in
the domestic circle. But home life, civic eminence, and business
prosperity also tend to confirm his health. In short, every one of
these factors in the life of John mutually affects and is affected by
all the others.
But when thus supplied with meaning, Figure 3 evidently fails to
express all it should say. B is intended to exhibit the business life
of John. But this is surely not lived alone. Though called a function
of John, it is rather a function of the community, and he merely
shares it. I had no right to confine to John himself that which
plainly stretches beyond him. Let us correct the figure, then, by
laying off another beside it to represent Peter, one of those who
shares in the business experience of John. This common business life
[Fig. 4]
of theirs, B, we may say, enables Peter to gratify his own adventurous
disposition, E; and this again stimulates his scientific tastes, F.
But Peter's eminence in science commends him so to his townsmen that
he comes to share again C, the civic life of John. Yet as before in
the case of John, each of Peter's powers works forward, backward, and
across, constructing in Peter an organic whole which still is
interlocked with the life of John. Each, while having functions of his
own, has also functions which are shared with his neighbor.
Nor would this involvement of functions pause with Peter. To make our
diagram really representative, each of the two individuals thus far
drawn would need to be surrounded by a multitude of others, all
sharing in some degree the functions of their neighbors. Or rather
each individual, once connected with his neighbors, would find all his
functions affected by all those possessed by his entire group. For
fear of making my figure unintelligible
[Fig 5.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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