The nature of man : $b Studies in optimistic philosophyMetchnikoff, Elie
Philosophy
The nature of man : $b Studies in optimistic philosophy
Metchnikoff, Elie
Human beings; Human biology; Life (Biology)
Mental disease confirms this conclusion, and it, too, gives no ground
for the belief in a survival of the mind after death.
Certain internal sensibilities in the depths of our organism survive our
personal consciousness. When the heart has ceased to beat, and when the
anæmic brain is certainly incapable of personal consciousness, some
portions of the body may still retain vitality. The muscular fibres are
still able to contract when they are stimulated, and the white
corpuscles of the blood can still exhibit their specific movements. It
is certain, moreover, that these white corpuscles possess a specific
sensibility, and, by a sort of sense of taste, respond to the kind of
environment that surrounds them. Our consciousness, however, is
absolutely out of touch with the sensations of these globules, which,
however, none the less are part of our organism. It happens, therefore,
that in certain diseases, the white corpuscles, stimulated by the
presence of particular substances, perform extensive movements of
migration within our bodies. Such migration is quite outside the sphere
of consciousness. The corpuscles, directed by their sensibility, are in
constant pursuit of microbes that have entered the body, and yet these
actions, too, are not made known to our consciousness. In the same
fashion, the thousands of active spermatozoa in the male organs and the
ova in the female possess specific sensibility. These reproductive
elements contain the germ of individual consciousness, but it is not
until they have developed into the new generation that it is possible to
impute to them individual consciousness, and the organism that shelters
them has no idea of what it harbours. The sensibility of the white
corpuscles and of the many other cells composing our body, although
certainly a reality, has no part in the absolutely special sensation
that we call individual consciousness, and which is all we think of in
wishing to escape death.
The idea of a future life is supported by not a single fact, while there
is much evidence against it. The phenomenon of intercommunication across
a distance, sometimes called telepathy, may be actual, but affords no
support to the conception of the existence of souls apart from bodies.
It may be that emanations are given off by certain organs, and that
these are capable of being appreciated by the organs of another body at
a distance; but, even if such were the case, we should have to deal
simply with other bodily functions. Moreover, the supposed phenomena
that fall within this category are so rare, so difficult to observe, and
so obscure, that no certain argument for the continuance of existence
after death can be deduced from them.
It is easy to see why the advance of knowledge has diminished the number
of believers in the persistence of consciousness after death, and that
complete annihilation at death is the conception accepted by the vast
majority of enlightened persons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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