The nature of the physical worldEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Philosophy
The nature of the physical world
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Physics -- Philosophy; Science -- Philosophy
The crux of the matter is that, although a change described as sorting
is the exact opposite to a change described as shuffling we cannot
imagine a cause of sorting to be the exact opposite of a cause of
shuffling. Thus a reversal of the time-direction which turns shuffling
into sorting does not make the appropriate transformation of their
causes. Shuffling can have inorganic causes, but sorting is the
prerogative of mind or instinct. We cannot believe that it is merely an
orientation with respect to the time-direction which differentiates us
from inorganic nature. Shuffling is related to sorting (so far as the
change of configuration is concerned) as plus is to minus; but to say
that the cause of shuffling is related to the cause of sorting in the
same way would seem equivalent to saying that the activities of matter
and mind are related like plus and minus—which surely is nonsense.
Hence if we view the world from future to past so that shuffling and
sorting are interchanged, their causes do not follow suit, and the
rational connection is broken. To restore coherency we must postulate
that by this change of direction something else has been reversed,
viz. the trend in world-texture spoken of above; “becoming” has been
[Pg 94]
turned into “unbecoming”. If we like we can now go on to account, not
for things becoming unshuffled, but for their unbecoming
shuffled—and, if we wish to pursue this aspect further, we must
discuss not the causes but the uncauses. But, without tying ourselves
into verbal knots, the meaning evidently is that “becoming” gives a
texture to the world which it is illegitimate to reverse.
Objectivity of Becoming. In general we should describe the
familiar world as subjective and the scientific world as objective.
Take for instance our former example of parallelism, viz. colour in
the familiar world and its counterpart electromagnetic wave-length in
the scientific world. Here we have little hesitation in describing
the waves as objective and the colour as subjective. The wave is the
reality—or the nearest we can get to a description of reality; the
colour is mere mind-spinning. The beautiful hues which flood our
consciousness under stimulation of the waves have no relevance to the
objective reality. For a colour-blind person the hues are different;
and although persons of normal sight make the same distinctions of
colour, we cannot ascertain whether their consciousness of red, blue,
etc. is just like our own. Moreover, we recognise that the longer and
shorter electromagnetic waves which have no visual effect associated
with them are just as real as the coloured waves. In this and other
parallelisms we find the objective in the scientific world and the
subjective in the familiar world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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