E-text prepared by Robert J. Hall Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 17547-h.htm or 17547-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/7/5/4/17547/17547-h/17547-h.htm) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/7/5/4/17547/17547-h.zip) THE NAVY AS A FIGHTING MACHINE by REAR ADMIRAL BRADLEY A. FISKE U. S. Navy Former Aid for Operations of the Fleet; President of the U. S. Naval Institute; Gold Medallist of the U. S. Naval Institute and The Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania Author of "Electricity in Theory and Practice," "War Time in Manila," Etc. With Map PREFACE What is the navy for? Of what parts should it be composed? What principles should be followed in designing, preparing, and operating it in order to get the maximum return for the money expended? To answer these questions clearly and without technical language is the object of the book. BRADLEY A. FISKE. U. S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, NEWPORT, R. I., September 3, 1916. CONTENTS PART I GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER I. WAR AND THE NATIONS II. NAVAL A, B, C III. NAVAL POWER IV. NAVAL PREPAREDNESS V. NAVAL DEFENSE VI. NAVAL POLICY PART II NAVAL STRATEGY VII. GENERAL PRINCIPLES VIII. DESIGNING THE MACHINE IX. PREPARING THE ACTIVE FLEET X. RESERVES AND SHORE STATIONS XI. NAVAL BASES XII. OPERATING THE MACHINE STRATEGIC MAP OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS *** Chapters III and VII were published originally in _The U. S. Naval Institute_; chapters I, II, IV, V, and VII in _The North American Review_. PART I GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER I WAR AND THE NATIONS Because the question is widely discussed, whether peace throughout the world may be attained by the friendly co-operation of many nations, and because a nation's attitude toward this question may determine its future prosperity or ruin, it may be well to note what has been the trend of the nations hitherto, and whether any forces exist that may reasonably be expected to change that trend. We may then be able to induce from facts the law which that trend obeys, and make a reasonable deduction as to whether or not the world is moving toward peace. If we do this we shall follow the inductive method of modern science, and avoid the error (with its perilous results) of first assuming the law and then deducing conclusions from it. Men have always been divided into organizations, the first organization being the family. As time went on families were formed into tribes, for self-protection. The underlying cause for the organization was always a desire for strength; sometimes for defense, sometimes for offense, usually for both.