To sum up: The assembly districts chosen and the number of families and individuals tabulated from each district are such as to give a fairly accurate description of the clearly segregated wage-earning Negro population of the districts. The study, then, is representative of about one-fourth of the Negro population of Manhattan in 1905, and is so distributed as to be reasonably conclusive for the wage-earning element of the whole Negro population. The next question is the composition of this toiling Negro population. The general condition of the wage-earning element of this group will now, therefore, engage our attention. FOOTNOTES: [37] _New York Colonial Doc._, i, 553. [38] O'Callaghan, _Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands, 1637-1674_, p. 81. [39] DuBois, _Some Notes on Negroes of New York City_, p. 5. [40] The writer has testimony of contemporary witnesses of these disturbances. [41] _Vide_ DuBois, _Notes_, _etc._, p. 1. [42] Diagrams III and IV were made by Mr. Eugene K. Jones, Field Secretary of the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes. CHAPTER III GENERAL CONDITION OF WAGE-EARNERS[43] I. SEX AND AGE OF NEGRO WAGE-EARNERS In the 2,500 families composed of 9,788 individuals, the sex distribution and age grouping[44] throw some light upon the life conditions of the wage-earning class. That city life does not look with favor upon a large juvenile element in the population is generally believed. That the city draws mainly those of the working period of life is also generally conceded. The number of children in this Negro group under 15 years of age is 19 per cent, below normal for great cities, and the upper age limit is also quite low, being only 6.6 per cent between forty-five and fifty-four years, and 3.2 per cent over fifty-five years. Thus the bulk of the population, 70.8 per cent, both male and female, excluding 0.4 per cent doubtful and unknown, falls between fifteen and fifty-four years, or within the vigorous working period of life. This is fully set forth in Table XI, which gives the sex distribution and age grouping in assembly districts of the 9,788 individuals in these 2,500 families of the Census of 1905: TABLE XI. SEX DISTRIBUTION AND AGE GROUPING OF 9,788 NEGRO WAGE-EARNERS IN MANHATTAN, STATE CENSUS, 1905.