A STUDY IN SOCIAL ECONOMICS PUBLISHED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH The Negro Migrant in Pittsburgh BY ABRAHAM EPSTEIN B. S. in Economics PRICE FIFTY CENTS PITTSBURGH, PA. 1918 CONTENTS CHAPTER I.--General Conditions Among Negro Migrants in Pittsburgh Page 7 CHAPTER II.--The Negro’s Own Problem Page 28 CHAPTER III.--The Community’s Problem Page 46 (a) Delinquency Study Page 46 (b) Health Study Page 54 (c) Summary Page 64 CHAPTER IV.--Constructive Suggestions Page 68 APPENDIX Page 71 PREFACE. The main purpose of this study was not merely the attempt at a piece of research. The writer undertook it originally in the early spring as a student volunteer with the sole aim of doing his share in the development of a more virile civic consciousness in Pittsburgh, and to contribute something toward the orientation and adjustment of the newcomers in our community. Thanks to the generous co-operation of Mr. Walter A. May, the writer was enabled to devote all his time since June 1917 to the completion of this study. An attempt has been made to interpret the data from the social point of view. The conclusions are not offered as final but it is hoped they may serve as the basis for a practical community program and perhaps for further study. The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Prof. Francis D. Tyson for his counsel and assistance in planning and organizing this study. Without his co-operation, the study could not have been undertaken or completed. The writer also acknowledges his thanks to Mr. George M. P. Baird of the English Department, University of Pittsburgh for reading the manuscript and making many suggestions as to style. Much thanks is also due to Mr. Edmund Feldman for his valuable assistance in preparing the tables and making the graphs. To the Irene Kaufmann Settlement and its resident workers, the writer wishes to express his gratitude and appreciation for their co-operation and hospitality. A. E. Pittsburgh, Pa., December 1, 1917. INTRODUCTION This little study of the Negro Migration to Pittsburgh was first suggested as a thesis subject in a university class in Social Economy in May, 1917. Our great steel city of the North calls many unskilled workers to its mills. The migration of Negroes to fill the gaps in the ranks of this labor force, opened up by the cessation of European immigration following the war has been under way for nearly eighteen months. Expanding steel production continues to call for more workers. From the first labor agents of railroads and steel mills as well as private employment agencies have been at work gathering in the new army of laborers.