B.C. 98. Birth of Lucretius. 87. Birth of Catullus. 70. Virgil is born. 69. Birth of Mæcenas; Cicero is ædile. 66. Cicero is prætor. 65. Horace is born. 63. Birth of Octavius (afterward Gaius Julius Cæsar Octavianus Augustus). Cicero’s consulship and _Orations against Catiline_. 60. First Triumvirate (Cæsar, Pompey, and Crassus). 58. Cicero banished. Cæsar begins conquest of Gaul. 57. Cicero recalled from exile. 55. Virgil assumes the _toga virilis_. Death of Lucretius, Cæsar in Britain. 54. Virgil studies in Milan. Death of Catullus. Cicero edits Lucretius’ _On Nature_, and (perhaps) Catullus’ _Odes_, and begins his essay _On the State_. 53. Virgil goes to Rome: Horace is also taken there. Cicero is augur. Parthians defeat Romans at Carrhæ. 52. Cicero’s _Oration for Milo_. 51. Cicero proconsul in Cilicia. 49. Civil War. Cæsar marches on Rome, bestowing Roman citizenship on Italians north of the Po. Pompey leaves Italy. 48. Battle of Pharsalia. Assassination of Pompey. 46. Battle of Thapsus. Suicide of Cato at Utica. 45. Horace goes to Athens. 44. Cæsar assassinated: Octavius, adopted in his will, assumes his name. Cicero’s _Philippics_. 43. Birth of Ovid. Second Triumvirate (Octavianus, Antony, and Lepidus). Assassination of Cicero. Civil war with Brutus and Cassius. Horace a tribune in Brutus’ army. 42. Battles of Philippi. Death of Brutus and Cassius. 41. Confiscations by the triumvirs. Virgil introduced to Mæcenas and Octavianus. Horace returns to Rome. 40. Virgil restored to his estate. 39. Horace introduced to Mæcenas by Virgil and Varius. 37. Virgil publishes _Eclogues_. Phraates king of Parthia. 36. Antony invades Parthia. 35. Horace publishes First Book of _Satires_. 33. Phraates attacks Armenia and Media. 31. Battle of Actium. Overthrow of Antony. Octavianus visits the East. 30. Horace publishes Second Book of _Satires_ and his _Epodes_. 29. Octavianus returns from the East and celebrates threefold triumph. Temple of Janus closed in sign of peace. Virgil publishes _Georgics_. 27. Octavianus receives the title of Augustus. 26. Augustus in Spain corresponds with Virgil. 24. Horace (probably) publishes first Three Books of _Odes_. 23. Death of Marcellus. Virgil reads portions of the _Æneid_ to Augustus. 20. Expedition of Augustus to the East. Parthians restore standards taken at Carrhæ. 19. Virgil journeys to Greece. Returns with Augustus. Dies at Brundisium. Augustus directs Virgil’s friend Varius and Tucca to edit the _Æneid_. 18. Horace publishes First Book of _Epistles_. 17. The Secular Festival. Horace writes the _Secular Hymn_. 13. Horace publishes Fourth Book of _Odes_. 8. Death of Mæcenas and Horace. VERSE TRANSLATIONS RECOMMENDED