10. The rise and depressions of the Earth’s crust are proofs of the water theory. Lands having large rivers, carrying more debris or silt into the ocean than the weight of her vegetation, decaying, are rising; as has been demonstrated in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The terraces left attest the truth of this position. Lands having more vegetation or ice than the weight of the debris carried into the sea are sinking. Witness Greenland and the Pacific Isles. But these islands could not well sink into a sea of burning lava, without letting in the surrounding ocean; in which case the entire crust would be destroyed. 11. The crowning reason for believing in the Neptunian theory is found in the great glacial drift period. The Neptunian hypothesis of the poles of the Earth is sufficient to account for the ice that constituted the drift. The ancient equator would mark the bound between darkness and light; and would be situated so as to manufacture icebergs the whole length of this largest circle. The depressions of the lowlands beneath the sea are accounted for in the great upheavals. On an average, rock weighed out of water is one and two-thirds times as much as when weighed under water. All the strata of mountains and plateaus lifted from beneath the waters weigh one and two-thirds times what they did before being disturbed. Geologists tell us that the Earth’s crust was depressed six to seven thousand feet. This would enable the ice to flow over the surface, the bergs being of enormous depth. The lowlands of every continent have been thus plowed. The evidence exists in every valley and far up the sides of all mountains. This evidence is by no means confined to scratches on the rock, but the water-washed gravel and polished pebbles equally attest its action. You can hardly sink a shaft in valley or hill without encountering them. With the present inclination of the Earth’s pole to the elliptic no such quantity of ice can possibly occur. No iceberg has ever yet been seen in tropical waters. There never yet has been enough at one time within historic note, to counteract the influence of the Gulf Stream about Norway and Iceland.