528. Pastor roseus (_Linn._) 529. Sturnus humii, _Brooks_ 531. ---- minor, _Hume_ 537. Sturnia blythii (_Jerd._) 538. ---- malabarica (_Gm._) 539. ---- nemoricola, _Jerd_ 543. Ampeliceps coronatus, _Bl_ 544. Temenuchus pagodarum (_Gm._) 546. Graculipica nigricollis (_Payk._) 549. Acridotheres tristis (_Linn._) 550. ---- melanosternus, _Legge_ 551. ---- ginginianus (_Lath._) 552. Aethiopsar fuscus (_Wayl._) 555. Sturnopastor contra (_Linn._) 556. ---- superciliaris, _Bl_ ERRATA. Page 103. _After_ Drymocataphus tickelli _insert_ (Blyth). Page 126. _For_ Bhringa tenuirostris _read_ B. tectirostris. Page 223. _For_ Pnoepyga albiventris (Hodgs.), _read_ Pnoepyga squamata (Gould). Page 311. _After_ Lanius vittatus _Insert_ Valene. [Illustration: THOMAS CAVERHILL JERDON.] [Illustration: BRIAN HOUGHTON HODGSON.] [Illustration: SAMUEL RICHARD TICKELL.] Order PASSERES. Family CORVIDAE. Subfamily CORVINAE. 1. Corvus corax, Linn. _The Raven_. Corvus corax, _Linn., Jerd. B. Ind. ii_, p. 293. Corvus lawrencii, _Hume_; _Hume, Rough Draft N. & E_. no. 657. I separated the Punjab Raven under the name of _Corvus lawrencei_ ('Lahore to Yarkand,' p. 83), and I then stated, what I wish now to repeat, that if we are prepared to consider _C. corax, C. littoralis, C. thibetanus_, and _C. japonensis_ all as one and the same species, then _C. lawrencei_ too must be suppressed; but if any of these are retained as distinct, then so must _C. lawrencei_ be[A]. [Footnote A: I think it impossible to separate the Punjab Raven from the Ravens of Europe and other parts of the world, and I have therefore merged it into _C. corax_.--ED.] The Punjab Raven breeds throughout the Punjab (except perhaps in the Dehra Ghazee Khan District), in Bhawulpoor, Bikaneer, and the northern portions of Jeypoor and Jodhpoor, extending rarely as far south as Sambhur. To Sindh it is merely a seasonal visitant, and I could not learn that they breed there, nor have I ever known of one breeding anywhere east of the Jumna. Even in the Delhi Division of the Punjab they breed sparingly, and one must go further north and west to find many nests. The breeding-season lasts from early in December to quite the end of March; but this varies a little according to season and locality, though the majority of birds always, I think, lay in January. The nest is generally placed in single trees of no great size, standing in fields or open jungle. The thorny Acacias are often selected, but I have seen them on Sisoo and other trees. The nest, placed in a stout fork as a rule, is a large, strong, compact, stick structure, very like a Rook's nest at home, and like these is used year after year, whether by the same birds or others of the same species I cannot say. Of course they never breed in company: I _never_ found two of their nests within 100 yards of each other, and, as a rule, they will not be found within a quarter of a mile of each other.