The New Forest: Its History and Its SceneryWise, John R. (John Richard)
History
The New Forest: Its History and Its Scenery
Wise, John R. (John Richard)
New Forest (England : Forest)
“Heft,” too, is another similar instance of an Old-English word in good
use in America and to be found in the best American authors, but here in
England only employed by our rustics. To “heft” (from _hebban_, with the
inflexions, _hefest_, “hefð,” still used), signifies to lift, with the
implied meaning of weighing. So, “to heft the bee-pots,” is to lift them
in order to feel how much honey they contain. The substantive “heft” is
used for weight, as, “the heft of the branches.”
Again, also, the good Old-English word “loute” (_lutan_), to bend, bow,
and so to touch the hat, to be heard every day in the Forest, though
nearly forgotten elsewhere in England, may be found in Longfellow’s
_Children of the Lord’s Supper_:—
“as oft as they named the Redeemer,
Lowly louted the boys, and lowly the maidens all courtesied.”
In fact, one-half of the words which are considered Americanisms are
good Old-English words, which we have been foolish enough to discard.
Let us now take another class of words, which will help to explain
difficult or corrupt passages in our poets. There is, for instance, the
word “bugle” (_buculus_), meaning an ox (used, as Mr. Wedgwood[229]
notices, in Deut. xiv. in the Bible, 1551), which is forgotten even by
the peasantry, and only to be seen, as at Lymington and elsewhere, on a
few inn-signs, with a picture sometimes of a cow, by way of explanation.
I have more than once thought, that when Rosalind, in _As You Like It_
(Act iii., sc. 5), speaks of Phœbe’s “bugle eyeballs,” she means not
merely her sparkling eyes, as the notes say, but rather her large,
expressive eyes, in the sense in which Homer calls Herê βοῶπις.
To give another illustration of the value of provincialisms in such
cases, let us take the word “bumble,” which not only in the New Forest
means, in its onomatopoëtic sense, to buzz, hum, or boom, as in the
common proverb, “to bumble like a bee in a tar-tub,” and as Chaucer
says, in _The Wife of Bath’s Tale_—
“A bytoure bumbleth in the myre,”
but is also used of people stumbling or halting. Probably, in _The Merry
Wives of Windsor_ (Act iii., sc. 3), in the passage which has been of
such difficulty to the commentators, where Mrs. Ford says to the
servants, who are carrying Falstaffe in the buck-basket—“Look, how you
drumble,” which has no meaning at all, we should, instead, read this
word. It, at all events, not only conveys good sense, but is the exact
kind of word which the passage seems to expect.
Again, the compound “thiller-horse,” from the Old-English “þill,” a beam
or shaft, and so, literally, the shaft-horse, which we find in
Shakspeare under the form of “thill-horse” (_Merchant of Venice_, Act
ii., sc. 2), is here commonly used.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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